Physics:Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance - Revision history

WikiHarold: Remove imported red links from Quantum page

2026-05-23T23:46:12Z

Remove imported red links from Quantum page

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:46, 23 May 2026
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	=== Paradox ===		=== Paradox ===
	[[File:EPR illustration.svg\|thumb\|EPR illustration]]		[[File:EPR illustration.svg\|thumb\|EPR illustration]]

	~~{{main\|EPR paradox\|l1 = EPR paradox]}}~~

	The singlet state is key to one take on the EPR paradox. In David Bohm's version, a source shoots particles opposite ways. Each pair's state is entangled.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Quantum Theory\|last=Bohm\|first=David\|publisher=Dover\|year=1989\|isbn=0-486-65969-0\|edition=reprint\|pages=611–622\|author-link=W:David Bohm\|orig-date=1951}}</ref> Textbooks say measuring spin on one collapses the pair's wave function, giving each a definite spin (up or down) on that axis. It's random, 50-50. But same-axis measures are always opposite. So one measurement's random result seems sent to the other to match.<ref name="Zwiebach2022"/>{{rp\|§18.8}}<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book\|first1=David J. \|last1=Griffiths \|author-link1=David J. Griffiths \|first2=Darrell F. \|last2=Schroeter \|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics \|title-link=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book) \|edition=3rd \|year=2018 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8 }}</ref>{{rp\|447–448}}		The singlet state is key to one take on the EPR paradox. In David Bohm's version, a source shoots particles opposite ways. Each pair's state is entangled.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Quantum Theory\|last=Bohm\|first=David\|publisher=Dover\|year=1989\|isbn=0-486-65969-0\|edition=reprint\|pages=611–622\|author-link=W:David Bohm\|orig-date=1951}}</ref> Textbooks say measuring spin on one collapses the pair's wave function, giving each a definite spin (up or down) on that axis. It's random, 50-50. But same-axis measures are always opposite. So one measurement's random result seems sent to the other to match.<ref name="Zwiebach2022"/>{{rp\|§18.8}}<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book\|first1=David J. \|last1=Griffiths \|author-link1=David J. Griffiths \|first2=Darrell F. \|last2=Schroeter \|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics \|title-link=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book) \|edition=3rd \|year=2018 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8 }}</ref>{{rp\|447–448}}

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	[[File:Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states.png\|thumb\|Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states]]		[[File:Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states.png\|thumb\|Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states]]
	====== Multipartite entanglement ======		====== Multipartite entanglement ======

	~~{{main\|l1 = Multipartite entanglement}}~~

	Quantum states describing systems made of more than two pieces can also be entangled. An example for a three-qubit system is the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state,		Quantum states describing systems made of more than two pieces can also be entangled. An example for a three-qubit system is the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state,
	: <math>\|\mathrm{GHZ}\rangle = \frac{\|000\rangle + \|111\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}.</math>		: <math>\|\mathrm{GHZ}\rangle = \frac{\|000\rangle + \|111\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}.</math>
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	[[File:Two channel bell test.svg\|thumb\|Two channel bell test]]		[[File:Two channel bell test.svg\|thumb\|Two channel bell test]]

	~~{{main\|Bell test\|l1 = Bell test}}~~

	A Bell test, or Bell inequality test or experiment, is a lab setup to pit quantum mechanics against local hidden variables. They check Bell's theorem predictions. So far, every one shows local hidden variables don't match reality. Labs run many to fix design flaws that might skew earlier results. closing loopholes. Early ones couldn't rule out sneaky signals from one site to the other.<ref name=":2">{{cite web \|last=Francis \|first=Matthew \|date=30 October 2012 \|title=Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ \|access-date=22 August 2023 \|website=Ars Technica \|language=en-us}}</ref> But "loophole-free" tests space sites so light-speed comms take longer, one case, 10,000 times longer, than measurement time.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal \|last1=Matson \|first1=John \|title=Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances \|journal=Nature News \|date=13 August 2012 \|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11163 \|s2cid=124852641}}</ref><ref name=":0">		A Bell test, or Bell inequality test or experiment, is a lab setup to pit quantum mechanics against local hidden variables. They check Bell's theorem predictions. So far, every one shows local hidden variables don't match reality. Labs run many to fix design flaws that might skew earlier results. closing loopholes. Early ones couldn't rule out sneaky signals from one site to the other.<ref name=":2">{{cite web \|last=Francis \|first=Matthew \|date=30 October 2012 \|title=Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ \|access-date=22 August 2023 \|website=Ars Technica \|language=en-us}}</ref> But "loophole-free" tests space sites so light-speed comms take longer, one case, 10,000 times longer, than measurement time.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal \|last1=Matson \|first1=John \|title=Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances \|journal=Nature News \|date=13 August 2012 \|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11163 \|s2cid=124852641}}</ref><ref name=":0">
	{{cite journal		{{cite journal
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	==See also==		==See also==
	{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}		{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}
	~~[[Category:Quantum mechanics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Physics]]~~

	* Concurrence		* Concurrence
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	== Key Concepts ==		== Key Concepts ==
	~~{{Quantum mechanics}}~~
	Multipartite states like GHZ and W states.		Multipartite states like GHZ and W states.
	Entanglement measures and classification (LU, SLOCC).		Entanglement measures and classification (LU, SLOCC).

WikiHarold: Clean Quantum page image and red links

2026-05-23T23:32:44Z

Clean Quantum page image and red links

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:32, 23 May 2026
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	[[File:Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states.png\|thumb\|Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states]]		[[File:Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states.png\|thumb\|Multipartite Entanglement GHZ vs W states]]
	====== Multipartite entanglement ======		====== Multipartite entanglement ======


	{{main\|l1 = Multipartite entanglement}}		{{main\|l1 = Multipartite entanglement}}
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	These four pure states are all maximally entangled and form an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space of the two qubits.		These four pure states are all maximally entangled and form an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space of the two qubits.


	For <math>M > 2</math> qubits, the GHZ state is:		For <math>M > 2</math> qubits, the GHZ state is:
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	b) Spooky action at a distance<br>b) Hensen et al. (2015)<br>False<br>b) Quantifying entanglement in pure states<br>Quantum teleportation, superdense coding, or quantum		b) Spooky action at a distance<br>b) Hensen et al. (2015)<br>False<br>b) Quantifying entanglement in pure states<br>Quantum teleportation, superdense coding, or quantum
	cryptography (any one is acceptable)		cryptography (any one is acceptable)
	~~{{Quantum mechanics topics}}~~

	=References=		=References=
	<div style="column-count:3; break-inside:avoid; column-gap:2em;">		<div style="column-count:3; break-inside:avoid; column-gap:2em;">

Maintenance script: Remove internal W namespace links

2026-05-22T12:27:52Z

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	[[File:EPR illustration.svg\|thumb\|EPR illustration]]		[[File:EPR illustration.svg\|thumb\|EPR illustration]]

	{{main\|W:EPR paradox\|l1 = EPR paradox]}}		{{main\|EPR paradox\|l1 = EPR paradox]}}

	The singlet state is key to one take on the EPR paradox. In David Bohm's version, a source shoots particles opposite ways. Each pair's state is entangled.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Quantum Theory\|last=Bohm\|first=David\|publisher=Dover\|year=1989\|isbn=0-486-65969-0\|edition=reprint\|pages=611–622\|author-link=W:David Bohm\|orig-date=1951}}</ref> Textbooks say measuring spin on one collapses the pair's wave function, giving each a definite spin (up or down) on that axis. It's random, 50-50. But same-axis measures are always opposite. So one measurement's random result seems sent to the other to match.<ref name="Zwiebach2022"/>{{rp\|§18.8}}<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book\|first1=David J. \|last1=Griffiths \|author-link1=David J. Griffiths \|first2=Darrell F. \|last2=Schroeter \|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics \|title-link=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book) \|edition=3rd \|year=2018 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8 }}</ref>{{rp\|447–448}}		The singlet state is key to one take on the EPR paradox. In David Bohm's version, a source shoots particles opposite ways. Each pair's state is entangled.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Quantum Theory\|last=Bohm\|first=David\|publisher=Dover\|year=1989\|isbn=0-486-65969-0\|edition=reprint\|pages=611–622\|author-link=W:David Bohm\|orig-date=1951}}</ref> Textbooks say measuring spin on one collapses the pair's wave function, giving each a definite spin (up or down) on that axis. It's random, 50-50. But same-axis measures are always opposite. So one measurement's random result seems sent to the other to match.<ref name="Zwiebach2022"/>{{rp\|§18.8}}<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book\|first1=David J. \|last1=Griffiths \|author-link1=David J. Griffiths \|first2=Darrell F. \|last2=Schroeter \|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics \|title-link=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book) \|edition=3rd \|year=2018 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8 }}</ref>{{rp\|447–448}}
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	[[File:Two channel bell test.svg\|thumb\|Two channel bell test]]		[[File:Two channel bell test.svg\|thumb\|Two channel bell test]]

	{{main\|W:Bell test\|l1 = Bell test}}		{{main\|Bell test\|l1 = Bell test}}

	A Bell test, or Bell inequality test or experiment, is a lab setup to pit quantum mechanics against local hidden variables. They check Bell's theorem predictions. So far, every one shows local hidden variables don't match reality. Labs run many to fix design flaws that might skew earlier results. closing loopholes. Early ones couldn't rule out sneaky signals from one site to the other.<ref name=":2">{{cite web \|last=Francis \|first=Matthew \|date=30 October 2012 \|title=Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ \|access-date=22 August 2023 \|website=Ars Technica \|language=en-us}}</ref> But "loophole-free" tests space sites so light-speed comms take longer, one case, 10,000 times longer, than measurement time.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal \|last1=Matson \|first1=John \|title=Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances \|journal=Nature News \|date=13 August 2012 \|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11163 \|s2cid=124852641}}</ref><ref name=":0">		A Bell test, or Bell inequality test or experiment, is a lab setup to pit quantum mechanics against local hidden variables. They check Bell's theorem predictions. So far, every one shows local hidden variables don't match reality. Labs run many to fix design flaws that might skew earlier results. closing loopholes. Early ones couldn't rule out sneaky signals from one site to the other.<ref name=":2">{{cite web \|last=Francis \|first=Matthew \|date=30 October 2012 \|title=Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ \|access-date=22 August 2023 \|website=Ars Technica \|language=en-us}}</ref> But "loophole-free" tests space sites so light-speed comms take longer, one case, 10,000 times longer, than measurement time.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal \|last1=Matson \|first1=John \|title=Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances \|journal=Nature News \|date=13 August 2012 \|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11163 \|s2cid=124852641}}</ref><ref name=":0">

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2026-05-22T11:31:26Z

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	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum Darwinism\|previous label=Darwinism\|next=Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|next label=A Walk Through the Universe}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum Darwinism\|previous label=Darwinism\|next=Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|next label=A Walk Through the Universe}}

	<div style="display:flex; gap:24px; align-items:flex-start; max-width:1200px;">		<div style="display:flex; gap:24px; align-items:flex-start; max-width:1200px;">

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2026-05-22T11:09:43Z

Clean Book label remnants and backlink spacing

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	{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}		{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum Darwinism\|previous label=Darwinism\|next=Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|next label=A Walk Through the Universe}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum Darwinism\|previous label=Darwinism\|next=Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|next label=A Walk Through the Universe}}

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2026-05-22T11:01:55Z

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	{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}~~Book I~~		{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}

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2026-05-22T10:46:57Z

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	~~~~{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}		{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}Book I

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}

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2026-05-20T12:23:09Z

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	~~~~{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}		{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
			{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum Darwinism\|previous label=Darwinism\|next=Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|next label=A Walk Through the Universe}}

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2026-05-20T09:02:47Z

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	{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}		{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
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	<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">		<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">
	'''A Spooky Action at a Distance''' ~~is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. This~~ page is an advanced conceptual overview of quantum entanglement intended for readers with prior coursework in quantum mechanics. It emphasizes conceptual structure rather than step-by-step instruction. This page is an advanced conceptual overview of quantum entanglement intended for readers with prior coursework in quantum mechanics. It emphasizes conceptual structure rather than step-by-step instruction. Welcome to this course on Quantum Entanglement. This course explores the fundamental concepts, history, mathematical details, and applications of quantum entanglement, a key phenomenon in quantum mechanics. Learning Objectives By the end of this course, learners will be able to: *Understand the basic principles of quantum entanglement and its differences from classical correlations.		'''A Spooky Action at a Distance''' this page is an advanced conceptual overview of quantum entanglement intended for readers with prior coursework in quantum mechanics. It emphasizes conceptual structure rather than step-by-step instruction. This page is an advanced conceptual overview of quantum entanglement intended for readers with prior coursework in quantum mechanics. It emphasizes conceptual structure rather than step-by-step instruction. Welcome to this course on Quantum Entanglement. This course explores the fundamental concepts, history, mathematical details, and applications of quantum entanglement, a key phenomenon in quantum mechanics. Learning Objectives By the end of this course, learners will be able to: *Understand the basic principles of quantum entanglement and its differences from classical correlations.
	</div>		</div>

Maintenance script: Clean missing Book I links and template output

2026-05-20T08:46:45Z

Clean missing Book I links and template output

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 22 May 2026
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	[[File:EPR illustration.svg\|thumb\|EPR illustration]]		[[File:EPR illustration.svg\|thumb\|EPR illustration]]

	{{main\|W:EPR paradox\|l1 = EPR paradox]}}		{{main\|EPR paradox\|l1 = EPR paradox]}}

	The singlet state is key to one take on the EPR paradox. In David Bohm's version, a source shoots particles opposite ways. Each pair's state is entangled.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Quantum Theory\|last=Bohm\|first=David\|publisher=Dover\|year=1989\|isbn=0-486-65969-0\|edition=reprint\|pages=611–622\|author-link=W:David Bohm\|orig-date=1951}}</ref> Textbooks say measuring spin on one collapses the pair's wave function, giving each a definite spin (up or down) on that axis. It's random, 50-50. But same-axis measures are always opposite. So one measurement's random result seems sent to the other to match.<ref name="Zwiebach2022"/>{{rp\|§18.8}}<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book\|first1=David J. \|last1=Griffiths \|author-link1=David J. Griffiths \|first2=Darrell F. \|last2=Schroeter \|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics \|title-link=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book) \|edition=3rd \|year=2018 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8 }}</ref>{{rp\|447–448}}		The singlet state is key to one take on the EPR paradox. In David Bohm's version, a source shoots particles opposite ways. Each pair's state is entangled.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Quantum Theory\|last=Bohm\|first=David\|publisher=Dover\|year=1989\|isbn=0-486-65969-0\|edition=reprint\|pages=611–622\|author-link=W:David Bohm\|orig-date=1951}}</ref> Textbooks say measuring spin on one collapses the pair's wave function, giving each a definite spin (up or down) on that axis. It's random, 50-50. But same-axis measures are always opposite. So one measurement's random result seems sent to the other to match.<ref name="Zwiebach2022"/>{{rp\|§18.8}}<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book\|first1=David J. \|last1=Griffiths \|author-link1=David J. Griffiths \|first2=Darrell F. \|last2=Schroeter \|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics \|title-link=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book) \|edition=3rd \|year=2018 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8 }}</ref>{{rp\|447–448}}
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	[[File:Two channel bell test.svg\|thumb\|Two channel bell test]]		[[File:Two channel bell test.svg\|thumb\|Two channel bell test]]

	{{main\|W:Bell test\|l1 = Bell test}}		{{main\|Bell test\|l1 = Bell test}}

	A Bell test, or Bell inequality test or experiment, is a lab setup to pit quantum mechanics against local hidden variables. They check Bell's theorem predictions. So far, every one shows local hidden variables don't match reality. Labs run many to fix design flaws that might skew earlier results. closing loopholes. Early ones couldn't rule out sneaky signals from one site to the other.<ref name=":2">{{cite web \|last=Francis \|first=Matthew \|date=30 October 2012 \|title=Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ \|access-date=22 August 2023 \|website=Ars Technica \|language=en-us}}</ref> But "loophole-free" tests space sites so light-speed comms take longer, one case, 10,000 times longer, than measurement time.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal \|last1=Matson \|first1=John \|title=Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances \|journal=Nature News \|date=13 August 2012 \|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11163 \|s2cid=124852641}}</ref><ref name=":0">		A Bell test, or Bell inequality test or experiment, is a lab setup to pit quantum mechanics against local hidden variables. They check Bell's theorem predictions. So far, every one shows local hidden variables don't match reality. Labs run many to fix design flaws that might skew earlier results. closing loopholes. Early ones couldn't rule out sneaky signals from one site to the other.<ref name=":2">{{cite web \|last=Francis \|first=Matthew \|date=30 October 2012 \|title=Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ \|access-date=22 August 2023 \|website=Ars Technica \|language=en-us}}</ref> But "loophole-free" tests space sites so light-speed comms take longer, one case, 10,000 times longer, than measurement time.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal \|last1=Matson \|first1=John \|title=Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances \|journal=Nature News \|date=13 August 2012 \|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11163 \|s2cid=124852641}}</ref><ref name=":0">

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:09, 22 May 2026
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	{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}		{{Short description\|Quantum Collection topic on Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum Darwinism\|previous label=Darwinism\|next=Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|next label=A Walk Through the Universe}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum Darwinism\|previous label=Darwinism\|next=Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|next label=A Walk Through the Universe}}