Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe - Revision history

WikiHarold: Remove final Quantum red link remnants

2026-05-24T00:02:40Z

Remove final Quantum red link remnants

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	File:Niels Bohr.jpg\|<small>Niels Bohr (1885–1962)</small>		File:Niels Bohr.jpg\|<small>Niels Bohr (1885–1962)</small>
	File:Clinton Davisson.jpg\|<small>Clinton Davisson (1881–1958)</small>		File:Clinton Davisson.jpg\|<small>Clinton Davisson (1881–1958)</small>
	~~File:Germer Lester A2.jpg\|<small>Lester Germer (1896–1971)</small>~~
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WikiHarold: Remove imported red links from Quantum page

2026-05-23T23:46:15Z

Remove imported red links from Quantum page

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	==See also==		==See also==
	{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}		{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}
	~~{{Quantum mechanics}}~~
	* Qubit		* Qubit
	* History of quantum mechanics		* History of quantum mechanics
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	{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}		{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}
	<!--		<!--
	~~[[Category:Quantum models]]~~
	-->		-->

	{{Sourceattribution\|Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|1}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Physics:Quantum A Walk Through the Universe\|1}}

Maintenance script: Normalize quantum page header order

2026-05-22T11:31:30Z

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	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance\|previous label=A Spooky Action at a Distance\|next=Physics:Quantum The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together\|next label=The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance\|previous label=A Spooky Action at a Distance\|next=Physics:Quantum The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together\|next label=The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together}}

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	{{Short description\|Scientific overview of		{{Short description\|Scientific overview of
	quantum mechanics}}		quantum mechanics}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance\|previous label=A Spooky Action at a Distance\|next=Physics:Quantum The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together\|next label=The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance\|previous label=A Spooky Action at a Distance\|next=Physics:Quantum The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together\|next label=The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together}}

Maintenance script: Remove hidden BOM characters and direct Book label after Short description

2026-05-22T11:01:59Z

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	{{Short description\|Scientific overview of		{{Short description\|Scientific overview of
	quantum mechanics}}~~Book I~~		quantum mechanics}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}

Maintenance script: Clean Short description prefix and add Book I label

2026-05-22T10:47:01Z

Clean Short description prefix and add Book I label

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	~~~~{{Short description\|Scientific overview of		{{Short description\|Scientific overview of
	quantum mechanics}}		quantum mechanics}}Book I

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}

Maintenance script: Apply Quantum previous-next navigation

2026-05-20T12:23:14Z

Apply Quantum previous-next navigation

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	~~~~{{Short description\|Scientific overview of		{{Short description\|Scientific overview of
	quantum mechanics}}		quantum mechanics}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Conceptual and interpretations}}
			{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum A Spooky Action at a Distance\|previous label=A Spooky Action at a Distance\|next=Physics:Quantum The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together\|next label=The Secret of Cohesion and How Waves Hold Matter Together}}

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Maintenance script: Improve Book I intro quality

2026-05-20T09:02:51Z

Improve Book I intro quality

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	{{Short description\|Scientific overview of		{{Short description\|Scientific overview of
	quantum mechanics}}		quantum mechanics}}

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	<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">		<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">
	'''A Walk Through the Universe''' is a ~~Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. A~~ Frivolous Approach to Quantum A popular scientific overview of quantum, its history, central concepts, and emerging technologies. Written in an informal style, the article covers principles such as quantisation, superposition, and quantum entanglement, while linking them to both foundational experiments and modern applications. It covers Theory, History, Related equations, Related concepts, Applications, Interpretations and a Quantum Cheat Sheet. Big Bang Explosion A popular scientific overview of quantum, its history, central concepts, and emerging technologies. Written in an informal style, the article covers principles such as quantisation, superposition, and quantum entanglement, while linking them to both foundational experiments and modern applications. It covers Theory, History, Related equations, Related concepts, Applications, Interpretations and a Quantum Cheat Sheet.		'''A Walk Through the Universe''' a Frivolous Approach to Quantum A popular scientific overview of quantum, its history, central concepts, and emerging technologies. Written in an informal style, the article covers principles such as quantisation, superposition, and quantum entanglement, while linking them to both foundational experiments and modern applications. It covers Theory, History, Related equations, Related concepts, Applications, Interpretations and a Quantum Cheat Sheet. Big Bang Explosion A popular scientific overview of quantum, its history, central concepts, and emerging technologies. Written in an informal style, the article covers principles such as quantisation, superposition, and quantum entanglement, while linking them to both foundational experiments and modern applications. It covers Theory, History, Related equations, Related concepts, Applications, Interpretations and a Quantum Cheat Sheet. A quantum (plural quanta) is the smallest discrete unit of a physical property, such as energy, light, or angular momentum.
	~~</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
	</div>		</div>

Maintenance script: Clean missing Book I links and template output

2026-05-20T08:46:49Z

Clean missing Book I links and template output

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Maintenance script: Clean Book I red links, intro, and image slots

2026-05-20T08:12:17Z

Clean Book I red links, intro, and image slots

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	{{Short description\|Scientific overview of		{{Short description\|Scientific overview of
	quantum mechanics}}		quantum mechanics}}

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	<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">		<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">
	~~<br>~~		'''A Walk Through the Universe''' is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. A Frivolous Approach to Quantum A popular scientific overview of quantum, its history, central concepts, and emerging technologies. Written in an informal style, the article covers principles such as quantisation, superposition, and quantum entanglement, while linking them to both foundational experiments and modern applications. It covers Theory, History, Related equations, Related concepts, Applications, Interpretations and a Quantum Cheat Sheet. Big Bang Explosion A popular scientific overview of quantum, its history, central concepts, and emerging technologies. Written in an informal style, the article covers principles such as quantisation, superposition, and quantum entanglement, while linking them to both foundational experiments and modern applications. It covers Theory, History, Related equations, Related concepts, Applications, Interpretations and a Quantum Cheat Sheet.
	'''A Frivolous Approach to Quantum~~'''<br>~~
	A popular scientific overview of ~~[[Wikipedia:quantum\|~~quantum]], its history, central concepts, and emerging technologies. Written in an informal style, the article covers principles such as ~~[[Wikipedia:~~quantisation~~\|quantisation]]~~, ~~[[Wikipedia:~~superposition~~\|superposition]]~~, and ~~[[Wikipedia:~~quantum entanglement~~\|quantum entanglement]]~~, while linking them to both foundational experiments and modern applications. It covers Theory, History, Related equations, Related concepts, Applications, Interpretations and a ~~[[Physics:~~Quantum A ~~Walk Through~~ the ~~Universe#Quantum Cheat Sheet\|'''~~Quantum Cheat Sheet~~''']]~~.

	~~<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px; background:#f9f9f9; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:450px;">~~
	~~<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:5px; text-align:center;">~~
	~~Big Bang Explosion~~
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	\| isbn = 978-1-107-18963-8		\| isbn = 978-1-107-18963-8
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
	These phenomena underlie technologies such as [[Wikipedia:Semiconductor\|semiconductors]], [[Wikipedia:Laser\|lasers]], and [[Wikipedia:Solar cell\|solar cells]], and form the basis of developing fields including ~~[[Quantum computing\|~~quantum computing]] and [[Wikipedia:Quantum sensor\|quantum sensing]].<ref name="DowlingMilburn2003">{{cite journal		These phenomena underlie technologies such as [[Wikipedia:Semiconductor\|semiconductors]], [[Wikipedia:Laser\|lasers]], and [[Wikipedia:Solar cell\|solar cells]], and form the basis of developing fields including quantum computing and [[Wikipedia:Quantum sensor\|quantum sensing]].<ref name="DowlingMilburn2003">{{cite journal
	\| authors = [[Wikipedia:Jonathan Dowling\|Jonathan P. Dowling]] and [[Wikipedia:Gerard J. Milburn\|Gerard J. Milburn]]		\| authors = [[Wikipedia:Jonathan Dowling\|Jonathan P. Dowling]] and [[Wikipedia:Gerard J. Milburn\|Gerard J. Milburn]]
	\| title = Quantum technology: the second quantum revolution		\| title = Quantum technology: the second quantum revolution
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	== Related Equations and concepts ==		== Related Equations and concepts ==
	===Quantum tunneling===		===Quantum tunneling===
	[[File:~~Quantum tunnel effect and its application to the scanning tunneling microscope~~.~~ogv~~\|Quantum tunnel effect and its application to the scanning tunneling microscope]]		[[File:Quantum_book1_a_walk_through_the_universe_yellow.png\|Quantum tunnel effect and its application to the scanning tunneling microscope]]
	In physics, '''quantum tunnelling''', '''barrier penetration''', or simply '''tunnelling''' is a [[Wikipedia:quantum mechanics\|quantum mechanical]] phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a [[Wikipedia:potential barrier\|potential energy barrier]] that, according to [[Wikipedia:classical mechanics\|classical mechanics]], should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or surmount the barrier.		In physics, '''quantum tunnelling''', '''barrier penetration''', or simply '''tunnelling''' is a [[Wikipedia:quantum mechanics\|quantum mechanical]] phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a [[Wikipedia:potential barrier\|potential energy barrier]] that, according to [[Wikipedia:classical mechanics\|classical mechanics]], should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or surmount the barrier.

	Tunnelling is a consequence of the [[Wikipedia:Matter wave\|wave nature of matter]] and [[Wikipedia:quantum indeterminacy\|quantum indeterminacy]]. The quantum [[Wikipedia:wave function\|wave function]] describes the states of a particle or other [[Wikipedia:physical system\|physical system]] and wave equations such as the [[Wikipedia:Schrödinger equation\|Schrödinger equation]] describe their evolution. In a system with a short, narrow potential barrier, a small part of wavefunction can appear outside of the barrier representing a probability for tunnelling through the barrier.		Tunnelling is a consequence of the [[Wikipedia:Matter wave\|wave nature of matter]] and [[Wikipedia:quantum indeterminacy\|quantum indeterminacy]]. The quantum [[Wikipedia:wave function\|wave function]] describes the states of a particle or other [[Wikipedia:physical system\|physical system]] and wave equations such as the [[Wikipedia:Schrödinger equation\|Schrödinger equation]] describe their evolution. In a system with a short, narrow potential barrier, a small part of wavefunction can appear outside of the barrier representing a probability for tunnelling through the barrier.
	[[File:~~Bound-states~~.~~svg~~\|thumb\|Bound-states]]		[[File:Quantum_book1_a_walk_through_the_universe_yellow.png\|thumb\|Bound-states]]

	=== Schrödinger’s equation ===		=== Schrödinger’s equation ===
	In 1925–26, [[Wikipedia:Erwin Schrödinger\|Erwin Schrödinger]] formulated the [[Schrödinger equation]], describing the probabilistic behaviour of quantum systems through the wavefunction (ψ). Debate persists on whether the wavefunction represents physical reality or knowledge of a system.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Schrödinger \|first=Erwin \|year=1926 \|title=Quantisation as an Eigenvalue Problem \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19263840404 \|journal=Annalen der Physik \|volume=384 \|issue=4 \|pages=361–376 \|doi=10.1002/andp.19263840404}}</ref> The equation enables prediction of atomic and molecular structures and underpins [[Wikipedia:semiconductor\|semiconductor]] physics.		In 1925–26, [[Wikipedia:Erwin Schrödinger\|Erwin Schrödinger]] formulated the Schrödinger equation, describing the probabilistic behaviour of quantum systems through the wavefunction (ψ). Debate persists on whether the wavefunction represents physical reality or knowledge of a system.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Schrödinger \|first=Erwin \|year=1926 \|title=Quantisation as an Eigenvalue Problem \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19263840404 \|journal=Annalen der Physik \|volume=384 \|issue=4 \|pages=361–376 \|doi=10.1002/andp.19263840404}}</ref> The equation enables prediction of atomic and molecular structures and underpins [[Wikipedia:semiconductor\|semiconductor]] physics.

	=== Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ===		=== Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ===
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	The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known. If the position of an electron is determined with great accuracy, the uncertainty in its momentum (and therefore its energy) increases, and vice versa. This principle is a basic to quantum mechanics.<ref name="Heisenberg1927">{{Cite journal \|last=Heisenberg \|first=Werner \|year=1927 \|title=Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik \|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01397280 \|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik \|volume=43 \|issue=3–4 \|pages=172–198 \|doi=10.1007/BF01397280}}</ref>		The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known. If the position of an electron is determined with great accuracy, the uncertainty in its momentum (and therefore its energy) increases, and vice versa. This principle is a basic to quantum mechanics.<ref name="Heisenberg1927">{{Cite journal \|last=Heisenberg \|first=Werner \|year=1927 \|title=Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik \|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01397280 \|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik \|volume=43 \|issue=3–4 \|pages=172–198 \|doi=10.1007/BF01397280}}</ref>

	[[File:~~Klein Gordon equation traveling wave plot5~~.~~gif~~\|thumb]]		[[File:Quantum_book1_a_walk_through_the_universe_yellow.png\|thumb]]
	<br>		<br>

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	* [[Wikipedia:History of quantum mechanics\|History of quantum mechanics]]		* [[Wikipedia:History of quantum mechanics\|History of quantum mechanics]]
	* [[Wikipedia:Wave–particle duality\|Wave–particle duality]]		* [[Wikipedia:Wave–particle duality\|Wave–particle duality]]
	* [[Schrödinger equation]]		* Schrödinger equation
	* [[Wikipedia:Quantum entanglement\|Quantum entanglement]]		* [[Wikipedia:Quantum entanglement\|Quantum entanglement]]
	* ~~[[Quantum~~ computing]]		* quantum computing
	* [[Wikipedia:List of equations in quantum mechanics\|List of equations in quantum mechanics]]		* [[Wikipedia:List of equations in quantum mechanics\|List of equations in quantum mechanics]]