Physics:Quantum Casimir effect - Revision history

WikiHarold: Use Quantum See also index module

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* [[Physics:Quantum vacuum field]]		{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}
	* [[Physics:Quantum zero-point energy]]
	* [[Physics:~~Quantum electromagnetic field]]~~
	* [[Physics:Quantum ~~Boundary conditions and quantization]]~~

	== References ==		== References ==

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}
			{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
			{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}
	{{ScholarlyWiki page top		{{ScholarlyWiki page top
	\|backlink=~~{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}~~		\|backlink=
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}
	\|image=[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|430px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]		\|image=[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|430px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]
	\|text=The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>		\|text=The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>
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	The effect is named after [[Biography:Hendrik Casimir\|Hendrik Casimir]], who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.		The effect is named after [[Biography:Hendrik Casimir\|Hendrik Casimir]], who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.
	}}		}}

	== Vacuum modes ==		== Vacuum modes ==
	In [[Physics:Quantum field theory (QFT) basics\|quantum field theory]], even the vacuum has fluctuating fields and zero-point energy. Boundaries restrict which modes can exist in a region. When the mode structure changes, the vacuum energy and stress can change as well.		In [[Physics:Quantum field theory (QFT) basics\|quantum field theory]], even the vacuum has fluctuating fields and zero-point energy. Boundaries restrict which modes can exist in a region. When the mode structure changes, the vacuum energy and stress can change as well.

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}

	{{ScholarlyWiki page top		{{ScholarlyWiki page top
	\|backlink={{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}		\|backlink={{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}~~Book I~~		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}

	{{ScholarlyWiki page top		{{ScholarlyWiki page top

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}Book I

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}

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	\|text=The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>		\|text=The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>

	The effect is named after Hendrik Casimir, who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.		The effect is named after [[Biography:Hendrik Casimir\|Hendrik Casimir]], who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.
	}}		}}

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}
	{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
			{{ScholarlyWiki page top
			\|backlink={{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}
			\|image=[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|430px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]
	[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|~~thumb\|right\|320px~~\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]		\|text=The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>

	The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>

	The effect is named after Hendrik Casimir, who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.		The effect is named after Hendrik Casimir, who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.
			}}

	== Vacuum modes ==		== Vacuum modes ==

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	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}

	~~<div style="display~~:~~flex; gap:24px; align-items:flex-start; max-width:1280px; clear:both;">~~		[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|thumb\|right\|320px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]
	~~<div style="flex:1 1 680px; min-width:0; line-height:1.55;">~~
	The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>		The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>

	The effect is named after Hendrik Casimir, who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.		The effect is named after Hendrik Casimir, who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.
	~~</div>~~
	~~<div style="flex:0 0 380px; max-width:38%;">~~
	~~[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|thumb\|360px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]~~
	~~</div>~~
	~~</div>~~

	~~<div style="clear:both;"></div>~~

	== Vacuum modes ==		== Vacuum modes ==

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}
	{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}

	~~[[File~~:~~Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow~~.~~png\|thumb\|280px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]~~		<div style="display:flex; gap:24px; align-items:flex-start; max-width:1280px; clear:both;">
			<div style="flex:1 1 680px; min-width:0; line-height:1.55;">
	The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>		The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>

	The effect is named after Hendrik Casimir, who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.		The effect is named after Hendrik Casimir, who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.
			</div>
			<div style="flex:0 0 380px; max-width:38%;">
			[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|thumb\|360px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]
			</div>
			</div>

			<div style="clear:both;"></div>

	== Vacuum modes ==		== Vacuum modes ==

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}
	{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
			{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}

	[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]		[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}
			{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
			{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}
	{{ScholarlyWiki page top		{{ScholarlyWiki page top
	\|backlink=~~{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}~~		\|backlink=
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}
	\|image=[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|430px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]		\|image=[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|430px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]
	\|text=The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>		\|text=The '''Quantum Casimir effect''' is a physical force that can arise between closely spaced conducting or dielectric objects because quantum vacuum fluctuations are modified by boundary conditions. The simplest ideal example is an attractive force between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect \|title=Casimir effect \|publisher=Wikipedia \|access-date=20 May 2026}}</ref>
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	The effect is named after [[Biography:Hendrik Casimir\|Hendrik Casimir]], who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.		The effect is named after [[Biography:Hendrik Casimir\|Hendrik Casimir]], who predicted it in 1948. It is often described as a consequence of the fact that the allowed electromagnetic field modes between the plates differ from those outside them.
	}}		}}

	== Vacuum modes ==		== Vacuum modes ==
	In [[Physics:Quantum field theory (QFT) basics\|quantum field theory]], even the vacuum has fluctuating fields and zero-point energy. Boundaries restrict which modes can exist in a region. When the mode structure changes, the vacuum energy and stress can change as well.		In [[Physics:Quantum field theory (QFT) basics\|quantum field theory]], even the vacuum has fluctuating fields and zero-point energy. Boundaries restrict which modes can exist in a region. When the mode structure changes, the vacuum energy and stress can change as well.

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	{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}		{{Short description\|Attractive force caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations}}
	{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
			{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum vacuum fluctuations\|previous label=Vacuum fluctuations\|next=Physics:Quantum Propagators in quantum field theory\|next label=Propagators in quantum field theory}}

	[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]		[[File:Quantum_casimir_effect_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|Casimir effect from restricted vacuum modes between parallel plates.]]