Physics:Quantum Standard Model - Revision history

Maintenance script: Normalize quantum page header order

2026-05-22T11:33:41Z

Normalize quantum page header order

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Maintenance script: Clean Book label remnants and backlink spacing

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Clean Book label remnants and backlink spacing

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Maintenance script: Remove hidden BOM characters and direct Book label after Short description

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Maintenance script: Clean Short description prefix and add Book I label

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Maintenance script: Apply Quantum previous-next navigation

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Maintenance script: Improve Book I intro quality

2026-05-20T09:05:15Z

Improve Book I intro quality

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	'''~~The~~ Standard Model''' of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.		'''Standard Model''' the Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles. It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists worldwide, with the current formulation finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. The Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory, exhibiting phenomena such as spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, and renormalization. Standard Model: unified description of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions in quantum field theory The Standard Model is defined by the gauge symmetry:
	It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists worldwide,<ref name="Oerter2006">{{cite book \|author=R. Oerter \|title=The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics \|publisher=Penguin Group \|year=2006 \|page=2 \|isbn=978-0-13-236678-6}}</ref> with the current formulation finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks.
	The Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory, exhibiting phenomena such as spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, and renormalization.~~<ref name="Mann2010">{{cite book \|author=R. Mann \|title=An Introduction to Particle Physics and the Standard Model \|publisher=CRC Press \|year=2010 \|doi=10.1201/9781420083002-25}}</ref>~~

	~~<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px; background:#fff8dc; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:420px;">~~
	~~<div style="font-size:90%;">~~Standard Model: unified description of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions in quantum field theory~~</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
	</div>		</div>

Maintenance script: Clean Book I red links, intro, and image slots

2026-05-20T08:16:52Z

Clean Book I red links, intro, and image slots

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	'''The Standard Model''' of ~~[[Physics:Particle physics\|~~particle physics]] is the ~~[[Scientific~~ theory~~\|theory]]~~ describing three of the four known fundamental forces (~~[[Electromagnetism\|~~electromagnetic]], ~~[[Physics:Weak interaction\|~~weak]] and ~~[[Physics:Strong interaction\|~~strong ~~interaction]]s~~ – excluding ~~[[Company:Gravity\|~~gravity]]) in the ~~[[Universe\|~~universe]] and classifying all known ~~[[Physics:Elementary particle\|~~elementary ~~particle]]s~~.		'''The Standard Model''' of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
	It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists worldwide,<ref name="Oerter2006">{{cite book \|author=R. Oerter \|title=The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics \|publisher=Penguin Group \|year=2006 \|page=2 \|isbn=978-0-13-236678-6}}</ref> with the current formulation finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of ~~[[Company:Quark\|quark]]s~~.		It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists worldwide,<ref name="Oerter2006">{{cite book \|author=R. Oerter \|title=The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics \|publisher=Penguin Group \|year=2006 \|page=2 \|isbn=978-0-13-236678-6}}</ref> with the current formulation finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks.
	The Standard Model is a paradigm of a ~~[[Quantum field theory\|~~quantum field theory]], exhibiting phenomena such as ~~[[Physics:Spontaneous symmetry breaking\|~~spontaneous symmetry breaking]], ~~[[Physics:Anomaly\|~~anomalies]], and renormalization.<ref name="Mann2010">{{cite book \|author=R. Mann \|title=An Introduction to Particle Physics and the Standard Model \|publisher=CRC Press \|year=2010 \|doi=10.1201/9781420083002-25}}</ref>		The Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory, exhibiting phenomena such as spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, and renormalization.<ref name="Mann2010">{{cite book \|author=R. Mann \|title=An Introduction to Particle Physics and the Standard Model \|publisher=CRC Press \|year=2010 \|doi=10.1201/9781420083002-25}}</ref>

	<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px; background:#fff8dc; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:420px;">		<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px; background:#fff8dc; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:420px;">
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	* <math>SU(3)</math> → [[Physics:Quantum chromodynamics\|strong interaction]]		* <math>SU(3)</math> → [[Physics:Quantum chromodynamics\|strong interaction]]
	* <math>SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y</math> → ~~[[Physics:Electroweak interaction\|~~electroweak interaction]]		* <math>SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y</math> → electroweak interaction

	This symmetry determines the allowed interactions and particle content.<ref name="YangMills1954">{{cite journal \|author=C. N. Yang \|author2=R. Mills \|title=Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance \|journal=Physical Review \|year=1954 \|volume=96 \|pages=191–195}}</ref>		This symmetry determines the allowed interactions and particle content.<ref name="YangMills1954">{{cite journal \|author=C. N. Yang \|author2=R. Mills \|title=Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance \|journal=Physical Review \|year=1954 \|volume=96 \|pages=191–195}}</ref>
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	* Leptons: electron, muon, tau and their neutrinos		* Leptons: electron, muon, tau and their neutrinos

	Quarks carry ~~[[Physics:Color charge\|~~color charge]] and participate in the strong interaction, while leptons do not.		Quarks carry color charge and participate in the strong interaction, while leptons do not.

	Fermions obey the ~~[[Physics:~~Pauli exclusion principle~~\|Pauli exclusion principle]]~~ and constitute all ordinary matter.<ref name="Eisert2013">{{cite journal \|author=Jens Eisert \|title=Pauli Principle, Reloaded \|journal=Physics \|year=2013}}</ref>		Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle and constitute all ordinary matter.<ref name="Eisert2013">{{cite journal \|author=Jens Eisert \|title=Pauli Principle, Reloaded \|journal=Physics \|year=2013}}</ref>

	=== Gauge bosons ===		=== Gauge bosons ===

Maintenance script: Normalize Book I Quantum page structure

2026-05-19T22:50:37Z

Normalize Book I Quantum page structure

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	{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}		{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}

	{{Sourceattribution\|Standard Model\|1}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Physics:Quantum Standard Model\|1}}

Harold: Arrange page top as TOC lead image columns

2026-05-17T14:02:20Z

Arrange page top as TOC lead image columns

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 {{Quantum book backlink|Quantum field theory}}
 '''The Standard Model''' of [[Physics:Particle physics|particle physics]] is the [[Scientific theory|theory]] describing three of the four known fundamental forces ([[Electromagnetism|electromagnetic]], [[Physics:Weak interaction|weak]] and [[Physics:Strong interaction|strong interaction]]s – excluding [[Company:Gravity|gravity]]) in the [[Universe|universe]] and classifying all known [[Physics:Elementary particle|elementary particle]]s.
 It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists worldwide,<ref name="Oerter2006">{{cite book |author=R. Oerter |title=The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics |publisher=Penguin Group |year=2006 |page=2 |isbn=978-0-13-236678-6}}</ref> with the current formulation finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of [[Company:Quark|quark]]s.
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 <div style="font-size:90%;">Standard Model: unified description of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions in quantum field theory</div>
 </div>

imported>WikiHarold: Repair Quantum Collection B backlink template

2026-05-08T20:00:05Z

Repair Quantum Collection B backlink template

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