Physics:Quantum battery - Revision history

WikiHarold: Restore missing Quantum reference definitions

2026-05-24T00:31:36Z

Restore missing Quantum reference definitions

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	A central quantity in this field is '''ergotropy''', the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a quantum state by unitary operations. The ergotropy depends not only on the average energy of the state, but also on how that energy is distributed among the quantum levels.<ref name="NewScientist2024">{{Cite journal \|last=Padavic-Callaghan \|first=Karmela \|date=November 9, 2024 \|title=Quantum batteries output more energy than they store \|journal=New Scientist \|page=19}}</ref>		A central quantity in this field is '''ergotropy''', the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a quantum state by unitary operations. The ergotropy depends not only on the average energy of the state, but also on how that energy is distributed among the quantum levels.<ref name="NewScientist2024">{{Cite journal \|last=Padavic-Callaghan \|first=Karmela \|date=November 9, 2024 \|title=Quantum batteries output more energy than they store \|journal=New Scientist \|page=19}}</ref>

	Quantum batteries are of interest because quantum systems can be charged collectively. In some theoretical models, charging many quantum cells together may produce higher power than charging the same cells independently.<ref name="Alicki2013" /> This possibility is often called a '''quantum advantage''' in charging power.		Quantum batteries are of interest because quantum systems can be charged collectively. In some theoretical models, charging many quantum cells together may produce higher power than charging the same cells independently.<ref name="Alicki2013">{{Cite journal \|last1=Alicki \|first1=Robert \|last2=Fannes \|first2=Mark \|date=2013-04-25 \|title=Entanglement boost for extractable work from ensembles of quantum batteries \|url=https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.042123 \|journal=Physical Review E \|volume=87 \|issue=4 \|article-number=042123 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.87.042123 \|pmid=23679388 \|arxiv=1211.1209 \|bibcode=2013PhRvE..87d2123A }}</ref> This possibility is often called a '''quantum advantage''' in charging power.

	== History ==		== History ==
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	== Experimental status ==		== Experimental status ==
	Quantum batteries are still mainly theoretical. Experiments are beginning to explore the basic ingredients, including light harvesting, quantum coherence, collective charging, and controlled quantum energy transfer.<ref name="Niroula" />		Quantum batteries are still mainly theoretical. Experiments are beginning to explore the basic ingredients, including light harvesting, quantum coherence, collective charging, and controlled quantum energy transfer.<ref name="Niroula">{{Cite news \|last=Niroula \|first=Pradeep \|title=Quantum batteries harvest energy from light \|work=Physics World \|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/quantum-batteries-harvest-energy-from-light/}}</ref>

	The main challenge is that a useful quantum battery must do more than store energy in a microscopic quantum system. It must also preserve the stored energy long enough, allow controlled charging and discharging, avoid excessive decoherence, and deliver useful work to another system.		The main challenge is that a useful quantum battery must do more than store energy in a microscopic quantum system. It must also preserve the stored energy long enough, allow controlled charging and discharging, avoid excessive decoherence, and deliver useful work to another system.
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	{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}		{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}

	=References=		= References =
	{{reflist\|3}}		{{reflist\|3}}

Maintenance script: Normalize quantum page header order

2026-05-22T11:34:26Z

Normalize quantum page header order

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	{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum topology\|previous label=Topology\|next=Physics:Quantum Supersymmetry\|next label=Supersymmetry}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum topology\|previous label=Topology\|next=Physics:Quantum Supersymmetry\|next label=Supersymmetry}}

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Maintenance script: Clean Book label remnants and backlink spacing

2026-05-22T11:12:43Z

Clean Book label remnants and backlink spacing

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	{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}		{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum topology\|previous label=Topology\|next=Physics:Quantum Supersymmetry\|next label=Supersymmetry}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum topology\|previous label=Topology\|next=Physics:Quantum Supersymmetry\|next label=Supersymmetry}}

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2026-05-22T11:04:56Z

Remove hidden BOM characters and direct Book label after Short description

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	{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}~~Book I~~		{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}

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2026-05-22T10:49:59Z

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	~~~~{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}		{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}Book I

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}

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2026-05-20T12:27:36Z

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	{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}
			{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum topology\|previous label=Topology\|next=Physics:Quantum Supersymmetry\|next label=Supersymmetry}}

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2026-05-20T09:06:04Z

Improve Book I intro quality

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	{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}		{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}

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	<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">		<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">
	'''battery''' is a ~~Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. A~~ quantum battery is a proposed quantum device that stores and releases energy using principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike an ordinary electrochemical battery, a quantum battery is modeled in terms of quantum states, Hamiltonians, charging protocols, extractable work, and collective many-body effects. Quantum batteries are studied as theoretical systems in which entanglement, collective interactions, coherence, and many-body dynamics may improve charging power or extractable work. They remain at an early stage of development, and no fully functional practical quantum battery is currently available. A quantum battery is a proposed quantum device that stores and releases energy using principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike an ordinary electrochemical battery, a quantum battery is modeled in terms of quantum states, Hamiltonians, charging protocols, extractable work, and collective many-body effects.		'''battery''' a quantum battery is a proposed quantum device that stores and releases energy using principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike an ordinary electrochemical battery, a quantum battery is modeled in terms of quantum states, Hamiltonians, charging protocols, extractable work, and collective many-body effects. Quantum batteries are studied as theoretical systems in which entanglement, collective interactions, coherence, and many-body dynamics may improve charging power or extractable work. They remain at an early stage of development, and no fully functional practical quantum battery is currently available. A quantum battery is a proposed quantum device that stores and releases energy using principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike an ordinary electrochemical battery, a quantum battery is modeled in terms of quantum states, Hamiltonians, charging protocols, extractable work, and collective many-body effects. The basic idea of a quantum battery is to treat energy storage as a problem in quantum thermodynamics.

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Maintenance script: Clean Book I red links, intro, and image slots

2026-05-20T08:18:33Z

Clean Book I red links, intro, and image slots

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	{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}		{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}
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	<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">		<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">
	A '''~~quantum~~ battery''' is a proposed quantum device that stores and releases energy using principles of ~~[[Physics:Quantum mechanics\|~~quantum mechanics]]. Unlike an ordinary electrochemical battery, a quantum battery is modeled in terms of quantum states, Hamiltonians, charging protocols, extractable work, and collective many-body effects.<ref name="Alicki2013">{{Cite journal \|last1=Alicki \|first1=Robert \|last2=Fannes \|first2=Mark \|date=2013-04-25 \|title=Entanglement boost for extractable work from ensembles of quantum batteries \|url=https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.042123 \|journal=Physical Review E \|volume=87 \|issue=4 \|article-number=042123 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.87.042123 \|pmid=23679388 \|arxiv=1211.1209 \|bibcode=2013PhRvE..87d2123A }}</ref>		'''battery''' is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. A quantum battery is a proposed quantum device that stores and releases energy using principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike an ordinary electrochemical battery, a quantum battery is modeled in terms of quantum states, Hamiltonians, charging protocols, extractable work, and collective many-body effects. Quantum batteries are studied as theoretical systems in which entanglement, collective interactions, coherence, and many-body dynamics may improve charging power or extractable work. They remain at an early stage of development, and no fully functional practical quantum battery is currently available. A quantum battery is a proposed quantum device that stores and releases energy using principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike an ordinary electrochemical battery, a quantum battery is modeled in terms of quantum states, Hamiltonians, charging protocols, extractable work, and collective many-body effects.

	Quantum batteries are studied as theoretical systems in which ~~[[Physics:Quantum entanglement\|~~entanglement]], collective interactions, coherence, and many-body dynamics may improve charging power or extractable work. They remain at an early stage of development, and no fully functional practical quantum battery is currently available.~~<ref name="Niroula">{{Cite news \|last=Niroula \|first=Pradeep \|title=Quantum batteries harvest~~ energy ~~from light \|work=Physics World \|url=https://physicsworld~~.~~com/~~a/quantum-~~batteries-harvest-energy-from-light/}}</ref>~~

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	Quantum batteries are not expected to replace ordinary household batteries in the near future. Their possible applications are more likely to be in nanoscale or quantum technologies, where the device being powered is itself quantum mechanical.		Quantum batteries are not expected to replace ordinary household batteries in the near future. Their possible applications are more likely to be in nanoscale or quantum technologies, where the device being powered is itself quantum mechanical.

	Possible future applications include energy storage for quantum sensors, nanoscale machines, quantum communication components, and parts of ~~[[Physics:Quantum information and computing\|~~quantum information]] systems. Their main value at present is theoretical: they provide a testbed for understanding work, power, entropy, and energy flow in quantum systems.		Possible future applications include energy storage for quantum sensors, nanoscale machines, quantum communication components, and parts of quantum information systems. Their main value at present is theoretical: they provide a testbed for understanding work, power, entropy, and energy flow in quantum systems.

	== Limitations ==		== Limitations ==

Maintenance script: Normalize Book I Quantum page structure

2026-05-19T22:51:22Z

Normalize Book I Quantum page structure

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	{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}		{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}

	{{Sourceattribution\|Quantum battery\|1}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Physics:Quantum battery\|1}}

Harold: Move yellow lead caption to image caption

2026-05-17T22:48:54Z

Move yellow lead caption to image caption

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	Quantum batteries are studied as theoretical systems in which [[Physics:Quantum entanglement\|entanglement]], collective interactions, coherence, and many-body dynamics may improve charging power or extractable work. They remain at an early stage of development, and no fully functional practical quantum battery is currently available.<ref name="Niroula">{{Cite news \|last=Niroula \|first=Pradeep \|title=Quantum batteries harvest energy from light \|work=Physics World \|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/quantum-batteries-harvest-energy-from-light/}}</ref>		Quantum batteries are studied as theoretical systems in which [[Physics:Quantum entanglement\|entanglement]], collective interactions, coherence, and many-body dynamics may improve charging power or extractable work. They remain at an early stage of development, and no fully functional practical quantum battery is currently available.<ref name="Niroula">{{Cite news \|last=Niroula \|first=Pradeep \|title=Quantum batteries harvest energy from light \|work=Physics World \|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/quantum-batteries-harvest-energy-from-light/}}</ref>

	~~<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #e0d890; background:#fff8cc; padding:6px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:420px;">~~
	~~<div style="font-size:90%;">A quantum battery is modeled as a quantum system that can be charged, store energy, and release extractable work.</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
	</div>		</div>

	<div style="width:300px;">		<div style="width:300px;">
	[[File:Quantum_battery_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|~~Quantum~~ battery.]]		[[File:Quantum_battery_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|A quantum battery is modeled as a quantum system that can be charged, store energy, and release extractable work.]]
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	{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}		{{Short description\|Quantum device proposed for storing and releasing energy}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Advanced and frontier topics}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum topology\|previous label=Topology\|next=Physics:Quantum Supersymmetry\|next label=Supersymmetry}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum topology\|previous label=Topology\|next=Physics:Quantum Supersymmetry\|next label=Supersymmetry}}