Physics:Quantum confinement problem - Revision history

Maintenance script: Normalize quantum page header order

2026-05-22T11:33:43Z

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	{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
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Maintenance script: Clean Book label remnants and backlink spacing

2026-05-22T11:12:01Z

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	{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}		{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}

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	{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}~~Book I~~		{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}

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Maintenance script: Apply continuous Quantum previous-next navigation

2026-05-20T12:36:12Z

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2026-05-20T12:26:26Z

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Maintenance script: Normalize Book I Quantum page structure

2026-05-19T22:50:40Z

Normalize Book I Quantum page structure

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	{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}		{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}

	{{Sourceattribution\|Quantum confinement problem\|1}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Physics:Quantum confinement problem\|1}}

Harold: Move yellow lead caption to image caption

2026-05-17T22:48:57Z

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	The Clay Mathematics Institute's official description of the Yang–Mills problem lists quark confinement as one of the key physical properties expected from quantum Yang–Mills theory: physical particle states should be invariant under the relevant gauge group, even though the elementary fields transform non-trivially under it.<ref name="JaffeWitten">{{Cite web \|last1=Jaffe \|first1=Arthur \|last2=Witten \|first2=Edward \|title=Quantum Yang-Mills theory \|url=https://www.claymath.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/yangmills.pdf \|website=Clay Mathematics Institute \|access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>		The Clay Mathematics Institute's official description of the Yang–Mills problem lists quark confinement as one of the key physical properties expected from quantum Yang–Mills theory: physical particle states should be invariant under the relevant gauge group, even though the elementary fields transform non-trivially under it.<ref name="JaffeWitten">{{Cite web \|last1=Jaffe \|first1=Arthur \|last2=Witten \|first2=Edward \|title=Quantum Yang-Mills theory \|url=https://www.claymath.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/yangmills.pdf \|website=Clay Mathematics Institute \|access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>
	~~<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #e0d890; background:#fff8cc; padding:6px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:360px;">~~
	~~<div style="font-size:90%;">Color confinement means that quarks and gluons do not appear as isolated particles, but as color-neutral bound states.</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
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	[[File:Quantum_confinement_problem_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|~~Quantum~~ confinement ~~problem~~.]]		[[File:Quantum_confinement_problem_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|Color confinement means that quarks and gluons do not appear as isolated particles, but as color-neutral bound states.]]
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Harold: Arrange page top as TOC lead image columns

2026-05-17T14:02:22Z

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	{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}		{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}

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	The '''quantum confinement problem''', more precisely the '''color confinement problem''', is the problem of explaining why [[Physics:Quantum quark\|quarks]] and [[Physics:Quantum gluon\|gluons]] are not observed as isolated particles under ordinary conditions. In [[Physics:Quantum chromodynamics\|quantum chromodynamics]] (QCD), quarks and gluons carry color charge and interact through the strong interaction. Experimentally, however, only color-neutral bound states such as hadrons are observed.		The '''quantum confinement problem''', more precisely the '''color confinement problem''', is the problem of explaining why [[Physics:Quantum quark\|quarks]] and [[Physics:Quantum gluon\|gluons]] are not observed as isolated particles under ordinary conditions. In [[Physics:Quantum chromodynamics\|quantum chromodynamics]] (QCD), quarks and gluons carry color charge and interact through the strong interaction. Experimentally, however, only color-neutral bound states such as hadrons are observed.

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	The Clay Mathematics Institute's official description of the Yang–Mills problem lists quark confinement as one of the key physical properties expected from quantum Yang–Mills theory: physical particle states should be invariant under the relevant gauge group, even though the elementary fields transform non-trivially under it.<ref name="JaffeWitten">{{Cite web \|last1=Jaffe \|first1=Arthur \|last2=Witten \|first2=Edward \|title=Quantum Yang-Mills theory \|url=https://www.claymath.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/yangmills.pdf \|website=Clay Mathematics Institute \|access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>		The Clay Mathematics Institute's official description of the Yang–Mills problem lists quark confinement as one of the key physical properties expected from quantum Yang–Mills theory: physical particle states should be invariant under the relevant gauge group, even though the elementary fields transform non-trivially under it.<ref name="JaffeWitten">{{Cite web \|last1=Jaffe \|first1=Arthur \|last2=Witten \|first2=Edward \|title=Quantum Yang-Mills theory \|url=https://www.claymath.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/yangmills.pdf \|website=Clay Mathematics Institute \|access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>
	<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #e0d890; background:#fff8cc; padding:6px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:360px;">		<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #e0d890; background:#fff8cc; padding:6px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:360px;">
	~~[[File:Quantum_confinement_problem_yellow.png\|340px]]~~
	<div style="font-size:90%;">Color confinement means that quarks and gluons do not appear as isolated particles, but as color-neutral bound states.</div>		<div style="font-size:90%;">Color confinement means that quarks and gluons do not appear as isolated particles, but as color-neutral bound states.</div>
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			[[File:Quantum_confinement_problem_yellow.png\|thumb\|280px\|Quantum confinement problem.]]
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imported>WikiHarold: Replace raw Quantum Collection backlink with B backlink template

2026-05-08T19:12:09Z

Replace raw Quantum Collection backlink with B backlink template

← Older revision	Revision as of 19:12, 8 May 2026
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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 22 May 2026
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	{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}		{{Short description\|Open problem concerning quark and gluon confinement in quantum chromodynamics}}

	{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}		{{Quantum book backlink\|Quantum field theory}}
	{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum triviality\|previous label=Triviality\|next=Physics:Quantum Statistical mechanics\|next label=Statistical mechanics}}		{{Quantum article nav\|previous=Physics:Quantum triviality\|previous label=Triviality\|next=Physics:Quantum Statistical mechanics\|next label=Statistical mechanics}}