Physics:Quantum dot display - Revision history

WikiHarold: Fix final Quantum red link source

2026-05-24T00:07:38Z

Fix final Quantum red link source

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:07, 24 May 2026
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	QDs are either ''photo-emissive'' (photoluminescent) or ''electro-emissive'' (electroluminescent) allowing them to be readily incorporated into new emissive display architectures.<ref name="Nanoco Technologies sub">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|title=Display – Nanoco Technologies\|website=www.nanocotechnologies.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323201908/http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|archive-date=23 March 2014}}</ref> Quantum dots naturally produce monochromatic light, so they are more efficient than white light sources when color filtered and allow more saturated colors that reach nearly 100% of Rec. 2020 color gamut.<ref name=creol_rec2020>[https://lcd.creol.ucf.edu/Publications/2015/oe-23-18-23680.pdf Ruidong Zhu, Zhenyue Luo, Haiwei Chen, Yajie Dong, and Shin-Tson Wu. Realizing Rec. 2020 color gamut with quantum dot displays]. Optics Express, Vol. 23, No. 18 (2015). DOI:10.1364/OE.23.023680</ref><ref name=bul3/><ref name=SID2019tp>{{cite journal\|title=Next-Generation Display Technology: Quantum-Dot LEDs\|journal=Society for Information Display, Digest of Technical Papers\|date=2015-07-29\|doi=10.1002/sdtp.10276 \|volume=46 \|number=1 \|pages=73–75 \|last1=Manders \|first1=J. R. \|display-authors=0}}</ref>		QDs are either ''photo-emissive'' (photoluminescent) or ''electro-emissive'' (electroluminescent) allowing them to be readily incorporated into new emissive display architectures.<ref name="Nanoco Technologies sub">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|title=Display – Nanoco Technologies\|website=www.nanocotechnologies.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323201908/http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|archive-date=23 March 2014}}</ref> Quantum dots naturally produce monochromatic light, so they are more efficient than white light sources when color filtered and allow more saturated colors that reach nearly 100% of Rec. 2020 color gamut.<ref name=creol_rec2020>[https://lcd.creol.ucf.edu/Publications/2015/oe-23-18-23680.pdf Ruidong Zhu, Zhenyue Luo, Haiwei Chen, Yajie Dong, and Shin-Tson Wu. Realizing Rec. 2020 color gamut with quantum dot displays]. Optics Express, Vol. 23, No. 18 (2015). DOI:10.1364/OE.23.023680</ref><ref name=bul3/><ref name=SID2019tp>{{cite journal\|title=Next-Generation Display Technology: Quantum-Dot LEDs\|journal=Society for Information Display, Digest of Technical Papers\|date=2015-07-29\|doi=10.1002/sdtp.10276 \|volume=46 \|number=1 \|pages=73–75 \|last1=Manders \|first1=J. R. \|display-authors=0}}</ref>

	{{As of\|2025~~\|6\|post=~~,}} all commercial products, such as LCD TVs branded as ''QLED'', employ quantum dots as ''photo-emissive'' particles; ''electro-emissive'' QD-LED TVs exist in laboratories only.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|title=Next Samsung Electronics' QLED TV's Name to Be SUHD QLED TV\|last=www.etnews.com\|date=2016-10-18\|website=etnews.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-date=25 June 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185257/http://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/how-qled-tv-could-help-samsung-finally-beat-lgs-oleds/\|title=How QLED TV could help Samsung finally beat LG's OLEDs\|date=30 June 2016\|website=cnet.com\|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>		As of June 2025, all commercial products, such as LCD TVs branded as ''QLED'', employ quantum dots as ''photo-emissive'' particles; ''electro-emissive'' QD-LED TVs exist in laboratories only.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|title=Next Samsung Electronics' QLED TV's Name to Be SUHD QLED TV\|last=www.etnews.com\|date=2016-10-18\|website=etnews.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-date=25 June 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185257/http://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/how-qled-tv-could-help-samsung-finally-beat-lgs-oleds/\|title=How QLED TV could help Samsung finally beat LG's OLEDs\|date=30 June 2016\|website=cnet.com\|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>

	LED-backlit LCDs are the main application of photo-emissive quantum dots, though it is applicable to other display technologies that use color filters, such as blue/UV organic light-emitting diode (OLED), MicroLED, or QNED display panels.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/samsung-researching-quantum-dot-on-microled-tvs/\|title=Samsung researching quantum dot on MicroLED TVs\|first=Cho\|last=Mu-Hyun\|website=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/detectors-imaging/article/16566879/quantum-dots-shrink-microled-pixels-by-87\|title=StackPath\|website=www.laserfocusworld.com\|date=8 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.eetimes.com/quantum-dots-to-shrink-microled-display-pixels/\|title=Quantum Dots to Shrink MicroLED Display Pixels\|date=11 January 2019\|website=EETimes}}</ref> QD-OLED displays, which use blue OLED panels with QD color filters, started coming to market in 2023.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/sony-bravia-xr-a95l-qd-oled-tv \| title=Sony Bravia XR A95L QD-OLED TV review \| date=9 November 2023 }}</ref> QD-OLED and QD-LED displays can achieve the same contrast as OLED and MicroLED displays with "perfect" black levels in the off state, unlike LED-backlit LCDs.		LED-backlit LCDs are the main application of photo-emissive quantum dots, though it is applicable to other display technologies that use color filters, such as blue/UV organic light-emitting diode (OLED), MicroLED, or QNED display panels.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/samsung-researching-quantum-dot-on-microled-tvs/\|title=Samsung researching quantum dot on MicroLED TVs\|first=Cho\|last=Mu-Hyun\|website=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/detectors-imaging/article/16566879/quantum-dots-shrink-microled-pixels-by-87\|title=StackPath\|website=www.laserfocusworld.com\|date=8 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.eetimes.com/quantum-dots-to-shrink-microled-display-pixels/\|title=Quantum Dots to Shrink MicroLED Display Pixels\|date=11 January 2019\|website=EETimes}}</ref> QD-OLED displays, which use blue OLED panels with QD color filters, started coming to market in 2023.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/sony-bravia-xr-a95l-qd-oled-tv \| title=Sony Bravia XR A95L QD-OLED TV review \| date=9 November 2023 }}</ref> QD-OLED and QD-LED displays can achieve the same contrast as OLED and MicroLED displays with "perfect" black levels in the off state, unlike LED-backlit LCDs.

WikiHarold: Remove imported red links from Quantum page

2026-05-23T23:47:09Z

Remove imported red links from Quantum page

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	===Self-emissive quantum dot diodes ===		===Self-emissive quantum dot diodes ===
	~~{{see also\|Chemistry:AMOLED\|MicroLED\|LED display\|}}~~
	{{Anchor\|EL-QLED\|ELQD\|QDEL}}		{{Anchor\|EL-QLED\|ELQD\|QDEL}}
	Self-emissive quantum dot displays will use electroluminescent QD nanoparticles functioning as Quantum-dot-based LEDs (QD-LED) arranged in either active matrix or passive matrix array. Rather than requiring a separate LED backlight for illumination and TFT LCD to control the brightness of color primaries, these QDEL displays would natively control the light emitted by individual color subpixels,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.trustedreviews.com/opinions/what-is-qled-the-future-of-tv-tech-explained#s3WOjf6fzwFBPchs.99\|title=What is QLED? Demystifying the future of TV tech – Trusted Reviews\|date=9 June 2016\|website=trustedreviews.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-date=11 July 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711114340/http://www.trustedreviews.com/opinions/what-is-qled-the-future-of-tv-tech-explained#s3WOjf6fzwFBPchs.99}}</ref> greatly reducing pixel response times by eliminating the liquid crystal layer. This technology has also been called true QLED display,<ref name="Palomaki 2018">{{cite web \| last=Palomaki \| first=Peter \| title=What's Next for Quantum Dots? \| website=DisplayDaily \| date=2018-04-05 \| url=https://www.displaydaily.com/article/display-daily/what-s-next-for-quantum-dots \| access-date=2019-01-14 \| archive-date=4 December 2023 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204025109/https://displaydaily.com/what-s-next-for-quantum-dots/ }}</ref> and electroluminescent quantum dots (ELQD, QDEL, EL-QLED).<ref name="Johnson 2017">{{cite web \| last=Johnson \| first=Dexter \| title=Nanosys Wants Printing Quantum Dot Displays to be as Cheap as Printing a T-Shirt \| website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News \| date=2017-11-21 \| url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/printing-quantum-dot-displays-could-be-as-cheap-as-printing-a-tshirt \| access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref><ref name="Samsung Display PID 2018">{{cite web \| title=Peter Palomaki: The Evolution of Quantum Dot Technology \| website=Samsung Display PID \| date=2018-05-24 \| url=https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/blog/palomaki-on-the-evolution-of-quantum-dot-technology \| access-date=2019-01-14 \| archive-date=14 January 2019 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153330/https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/blog/palomaki-on-the-evolution-of-quantum-dot-technology }}</ref>		Self-emissive quantum dot displays will use electroluminescent QD nanoparticles functioning as Quantum-dot-based LEDs (QD-LED) arranged in either active matrix or passive matrix array. Rather than requiring a separate LED backlight for illumination and TFT LCD to control the brightness of color primaries, these QDEL displays would natively control the light emitted by individual color subpixels,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.trustedreviews.com/opinions/what-is-qled-the-future-of-tv-tech-explained#s3WOjf6fzwFBPchs.99\|title=What is QLED? Demystifying the future of TV tech – Trusted Reviews\|date=9 June 2016\|website=trustedreviews.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-date=11 July 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711114340/http://www.trustedreviews.com/opinions/what-is-qled-the-future-of-tv-tech-explained#s3WOjf6fzwFBPchs.99}}</ref> greatly reducing pixel response times by eliminating the liquid crystal layer. This technology has also been called true QLED display,<ref name="Palomaki 2018">{{cite web \| last=Palomaki \| first=Peter \| title=What's Next for Quantum Dots? \| website=DisplayDaily \| date=2018-04-05 \| url=https://www.displaydaily.com/article/display-daily/what-s-next-for-quantum-dots \| access-date=2019-01-14 \| archive-date=4 December 2023 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204025109/https://displaydaily.com/what-s-next-for-quantum-dots/ }}</ref> and electroluminescent quantum dots (ELQD, QDEL, EL-QLED).<ref name="Johnson 2017">{{cite web \| last=Johnson \| first=Dexter \| title=Nanosys Wants Printing Quantum Dot Displays to be as Cheap as Printing a T-Shirt \| website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News \| date=2017-11-21 \| url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/printing-quantum-dot-displays-could-be-as-cheap-as-printing-a-tshirt \| access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref><ref name="Samsung Display PID 2018">{{cite web \| title=Peter Palomaki: The Evolution of Quantum Dot Technology \| website=Samsung Display PID \| date=2018-05-24 \| url=https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/blog/palomaki-on-the-evolution-of-quantum-dot-technology \| access-date=2019-01-14 \| archive-date=14 January 2019 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153330/https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/blog/palomaki-on-the-evolution-of-quantum-dot-technology }}</ref>
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	==Optical properties of quantum dots==		==Optical properties of quantum dots==
	Performance of QDs is determined by the size and/or composition of the QD structures. Unlike simple atomic structures, a quantum dot structure has the unusual property that energy levels are strongly dependent on the structure's size. For example, CdSe quantum dot light emission can be tuned from red (5 nm diameter) to the violet region (1.5 nm dot). The physical reason for QD coloration is the quantum confinement effect and is directly related to their energy levels. The bandgap energy that determines the energy (and hence color) of the fluorescent light is inversely proportional to the square of the size of quantum dot. Larger QDs have more energy levels that are more closely spaced, allowing the QD to emit (or absorb) photons of lower energy (redder color). In other words, the emitted photon energy increases as the dot size decreases, because greater energy is required to confine the semiconductor excitation to a smaller volume.<ref>{{cite book\|first1=Bahaa E. A. \|last1=Saleh\|first2=Malvin Carl \|last2=Teich\|title=Fundamentals of Photonics\|url=~~{{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=Qfeosgu08u8C \|p=498}}~~\|date=5 February 2013\|publisher=Wiley\|isbn=978-1-118-58581-8 \|page=498}}</ref>		Performance of QDs is determined by the size and/or composition of the QD structures. Unlike simple atomic structures, a quantum dot structure has the unusual property that energy levels are strongly dependent on the structure's size. For example, CdSe quantum dot light emission can be tuned from red (5 nm diameter) to the violet region (1.5 nm dot). The physical reason for QD coloration is the quantum confinement effect and is directly related to their energy levels. The bandgap energy that determines the energy (and hence color) of the fluorescent light is inversely proportional to the square of the size of quantum dot. Larger QDs have more energy levels that are more closely spaced, allowing the QD to emit (or absorb) photons of lower energy (redder color). In other words, the emitted photon energy increases as the dot size decreases, because greater energy is required to confine the semiconductor excitation to a smaller volume.<ref>{{cite book\|first1=Bahaa E. A. \|last1=Saleh\|first2=Malvin Carl \|last2=Teich\|title=Fundamentals of Photonics\|url=\|date=5 February 2013\|publisher=Wiley\|isbn=978-1-118-58581-8 \|page=498}}</ref>

	Newer quantum dot structures employ indium instead of cadmium, as the latter is not exempted for use in lighting by the European Commission RoHS directive,<ref name=pid_samsungdisplay/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://optics.org/news/7/6/8\|title=EU report sends mixed message on cadmium quantum dots\|first=SPIE Europe\|last=Ltd\|website=optics.org\|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> and also because of cadmium's toxicity.		Newer quantum dot structures employ indium instead of cadmium, as the latter is not exempted for use in lighting by the European Commission RoHS directive,<ref name=pid_samsungdisplay/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://optics.org/news/7/6/8\|title=EU report sends mixed message on cadmium quantum dots\|first=SPIE Europe\|last=Ltd\|website=optics.org\|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> and also because of cadmium's toxicity.
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	===Phase separation===		===Phase separation===

	Phase separation is suitable for forming large-area ordered QD monolayers. A single QD layer is formed by spin casting a mixed solution of QD and an organic semiconductor such as TPD (N,~~{{prime\|N}}~~-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,~~{{prime\|N}}~~-diphenylbenzidine). This process simultaneously yields QD monolayers self-assembled into hexagonally close-packed arrays and places this monolayer on top of a co-deposited contact. During solvent drying, the QDs phase separate from the organic under-layer material (TPD) and rise towards the film's surface. The resulting QD structure is affected by many parameters: solution concentration, solvent ration, QD size distribution and QD aspect ratio. Also important is QD solution and organic solvent purity.<ref>{{Cite journal\|date=2005\|display-authors=4\|author=Coe-Sullivan, Seth\|author2=Steckel, Jonathan S.\|author3=Woo, Wing-Keung\|author4=Bawendi, Moungi G.\|author5=Bulovic, Vladimir\|title=Large-Area Ordered Quantum Dot Monolayers via Phase Separation During Spin-Casting\|volume=15\|pages=1117–1124\|journal=Advanced Functional Materials\|url=http://www.rle.mit.edu/organic/documents/LargeAreaQDMonolayers-AdvFuncMater2005.pdf\|doi=10.1002/adfm.200400468\|issue=7\|bibcode=2005AdvFM..15.1117C\|s2cid=94993172\|access-date=30 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513220335/http://www.rle.mit.edu/organic/documents/LargeAreaQDMonolayers-AdvFuncMater2005.pdf\|archive-date=13 May 2016}}</ref>		Phase separation is suitable for forming large-area ordered QD monolayers. A single QD layer is formed by spin casting a mixed solution of QD and an organic semiconductor such as TPD (N,-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,-diphenylbenzidine). This process simultaneously yields QD monolayers self-assembled into hexagonally close-packed arrays and places this monolayer on top of a co-deposited contact. During solvent drying, the QDs phase separate from the organic under-layer material (TPD) and rise towards the film's surface. The resulting QD structure is affected by many parameters: solution concentration, solvent ration, QD size distribution and QD aspect ratio. Also important is QD solution and organic solvent purity.<ref>{{Cite journal\|date=2005\|display-authors=4\|author=Coe-Sullivan, Seth\|author2=Steckel, Jonathan S.\|author3=Woo, Wing-Keung\|author4=Bawendi, Moungi G.\|author5=Bulovic, Vladimir\|title=Large-Area Ordered Quantum Dot Monolayers via Phase Separation During Spin-Casting\|volume=15\|pages=1117–1124\|journal=Advanced Functional Materials\|url=http://www.rle.mit.edu/organic/documents/LargeAreaQDMonolayers-AdvFuncMater2005.pdf\|doi=10.1002/adfm.200400468\|issue=7\|bibcode=2005AdvFM..15.1117C\|s2cid=94993172\|access-date=30 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513220335/http://www.rle.mit.edu/organic/documents/LargeAreaQDMonolayers-AdvFuncMater2005.pdf\|archive-date=13 May 2016}}</ref>

	Although phase separation is relatively simple, it is not suitable for display device applications. Since spin-casting does not allow lateral patterning of different sized QDs (RGB), phase separation cannot create a multi-color QD-LED. Moreover, it is not ideal to have an organic under-layer material for a QD-LED; an organic under-layer must be homogeneous, a constraint which limits the number of applicable device designs.		Although phase separation is relatively simple, it is not suitable for display device applications. Since spin-casting does not allow lateral patterning of different sized QDs (RGB), phase separation cannot create a multi-color QD-LED. Moreover, it is not ideal to have an organic under-layer material for a QD-LED; an organic under-layer must be homogeneous, a constraint which limits the number of applicable device designs.
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	* Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is molded using a silicon master.		* Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is molded using a silicon master.
	* Top side of resulting PDMS stamp is coated with a thin film of Parylene-c, a chemical-vapor deposited (CVD) aromatic organic polymer.		* Top side of resulting PDMS stamp is coated with a thin film of Parylene-c, a chemical-vapor deposited (CVD) aromatic organic polymer.
	* Parylene-c coated stamp is inked via spin-casting of a solution of colloidal QDs suspended in an organic solvent.~~{{contradictory inline\|date=December 2015}}~~		* Parylene-c coated stamp is inked via spin-casting of a solution of colloidal QDs suspended in an organic solvent.
	* After the solvent evaporates, the formed QD monolayer is transferred to the substrate by contact printing.		* After the solvent evaporates, the formed QD monolayer is transferred to the substrate by contact printing.

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	*[https://www.bccresearch.com/report/NAN027B.html Quantum Dots: Technical Status and Market Prospects]		*[https://www.bccresearch.com/report/NAN027B.html Quantum Dots: Technical Status and Market Prospects]
	*[https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2005/10/20/quantum-dots-that-produce-white-light-could-be-the-light-bulbs-successor-59204/ Quantum dots that produce white light could be the light bulb's successor]		*[https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2005/10/20/quantum-dots-that-produce-white-light-could-be-the-light-bulbs-successor-59204/ Quantum dots that produce white light could be the light bulb's successor]

	~~{{Display technology}}~~
	~~{{emerging technologies\|displays=yes}}~~
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Quantum Dot Display}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Quantum Dot Display}}
	~~[[Category:Quantum electronics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Display technology]]~~
	~~[[Category:Quantum dots]]~~

	{{Sourceattribution\|Quantum dot display}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Quantum dot display}}

WikiHarold: Clean Quantum page image and red links

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Clean Quantum page image and red links

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WikiHarold: Use Quantum See also index module

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Use Quantum See also index module

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	One disadvantage is that blue quantum dots require highly precise timing control during the reaction, because blue quantum dots are just slightly above the minimum size. Since [[Astronomy:Sunlight\|sunlight]] contains roughly equal luminosities of red, green and blue across the entire spectrum, a display also needs to produce roughly equal luminosities of red, green and blue to achieve pure white as defined by CIE Standard Illuminant D65. However, the blue component in the display can have relatively lower color purity and/or precision ([[Dynamic range\|dynamic range]]) in comparison to green and red, because the human eye is three to five times less sensitive to blue in daylight conditions according to CIE [[Astronomy:Luminosity function\|luminosity function]].		One disadvantage is that blue quantum dots require highly precise timing control during the reaction, because blue quantum dots are just slightly above the minimum size. Since [[Astronomy:Sunlight\|sunlight]] contains roughly equal luminosities of red, green and blue across the entire spectrum, a display also needs to produce roughly equal luminosities of red, green and blue to achieve pure white as defined by CIE Standard Illuminant D65. However, the blue component in the display can have relatively lower color purity and/or precision ([[Dynamic range\|dynamic range]]) in comparison to green and red, because the human eye is three to five times less sensitive to blue in daylight conditions according to CIE [[Astronomy:Luminosity function\|luminosity function]].

			=

	==See also==		== See also ==
	{{~~colbegin\|colwidth=30em}}~~		{{#invoke:PhysicsQC\|tocHeadingAndList\|Physics:Quantum basics/See also}}
	*[[Bandwidth (signal processing)]]
	*[[Physics:Electron hole\|Electron hole]]
	*[[Physics:~~Energy level~~\|~~Energy level]]~~
	*[[Engineering:Nanotechnology\|~~Nanotechnology]]~~
	*Organic light-emitting diode
	*[[Physics:~~Potential well\|Potential well]]~~
	*[[Physics:Quantum dot\|Quantum ~~dot]]~~
	*Spectral linewidth
	~~{{Colend~~}}

	==Notes==		=Notes==
	{{notelist}}		{{notelist}}

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	{{emerging technologies\|displays=yes}}		{{emerging technologies\|displays=yes}}
	{{Quantum mechanics topics}}		{{Quantum mechanics topics}}


	{{DEFAULTSORT:Quantum Dot Display}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Quantum Dot Display}}

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 {{short description|Type of display device}}
 A '''quantum dot display''' is a [[Engineering:Display device|display device]] that uses quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor nanocrystals which can produce pure monochromatic{{efn|Up to the specified bandwidth, which is in turn a function of the dispersity of the quantum dots}} red, green, and blue light.
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 [[Engineering:LED-backlit LCD|LED-backlit LCD]]s are the main application of photo-emissive quantum dots, though it is applicable to other display technologies that use color filters, such as blue/UV organic light-emitting diode (OLED), [[Engineering:MicroLED|MicroLED]], or QNED display panels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/samsung-researching-quantum-dot-on-microled-tvs/|title=Samsung researching quantum dot on MicroLED TVs|first=Cho|last=Mu-Hyun|website=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/detectors-imaging/article/16566879/quantum-dots-shrink-microled-pixels-by-87|title=StackPath|website=www.laserfocusworld.com|date=8 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eetimes.com/quantum-dots-to-shrink-microled-display-pixels/|title=Quantum Dots to Shrink MicroLED Display Pixels|date=11 January 2019|website=EETimes}}</ref> QD-OLED displays, which use blue OLED panels with QD color filters, started coming to market in 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/sony-bravia-xr-a95l-qd-oled-tv | title=Sony Bravia XR A95L QD-OLED TV review | date=9 November 2023 }}</ref> QD-OLED and QD-LED displays can achieve the same contrast as OLED and MicroLED displays with "perfect" black levels in the off state, unlike LED-backlit LCDs.
 ==Working principle==

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	QDs are either ''photo-emissive'' (photoluminescent) or ''electro-emissive'' (electroluminescent) allowing them to be readily incorporated into new emissive display architectures.<ref name="Nanoco Technologies sub">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|title=Display – Nanoco Technologies\|website=www.nanocotechnologies.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323201908/http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|archive-date=23 March 2014}}</ref> Quantum dots naturally produce monochromatic light, so they are more efficient than white light sources when color filtered and allow more saturated colors that reach nearly 100% of Rec. 2020 color gamut.<ref name=creol_rec2020>[https://lcd.creol.ucf.edu/Publications/2015/oe-23-18-23680.pdf Ruidong Zhu, Zhenyue Luo, Haiwei Chen, Yajie Dong, and Shin-Tson Wu. Realizing Rec. 2020 color gamut with quantum dot displays]. Optics Express, Vol. 23, No. 18 (2015). DOI:10.1364/OE.23.023680</ref><ref name=bul3/><ref name=SID2019tp>{{cite journal\|title=Next-Generation Display Technology: Quantum-Dot LEDs\|journal=Society for Information Display, Digest of Technical Papers\|date=2015-07-29\|doi=10.1002/sdtp.10276 \|volume=46 \|number=1 \|pages=73–75 \|last1=Manders \|first1=J. R. \|display-authors=0}}</ref>		QDs are either ''photo-emissive'' (photoluminescent) or ''electro-emissive'' (electroluminescent) allowing them to be readily incorporated into new emissive display architectures.<ref name="Nanoco Technologies sub">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|title=Display – Nanoco Technologies\|website=www.nanocotechnologies.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323201908/http://www.nanocotechnologies.com/content/CommercialApplications/QDDisplays.aspx\|archive-date=23 March 2014}}</ref> Quantum dots naturally produce monochromatic light, so they are more efficient than white light sources when color filtered and allow more saturated colors that reach nearly 100% of Rec. 2020 color gamut.<ref name=creol_rec2020>[https://lcd.creol.ucf.edu/Publications/2015/oe-23-18-23680.pdf Ruidong Zhu, Zhenyue Luo, Haiwei Chen, Yajie Dong, and Shin-Tson Wu. Realizing Rec. 2020 color gamut with quantum dot displays]. Optics Express, Vol. 23, No. 18 (2015). DOI:10.1364/OE.23.023680</ref><ref name=bul3/><ref name=SID2019tp>{{cite journal\|title=Next-Generation Display Technology: Quantum-Dot LEDs\|journal=Society for Information Display, Digest of Technical Papers\|date=2015-07-29\|doi=10.1002/sdtp.10276 \|volume=46 \|number=1 \|pages=73–75 \|last1=Manders \|first1=J. R. \|display-authors=0}}</ref>

	{{As of\|2025~~\|6\|post=~~,}} all commercial products, such as LCD TVs branded as ''QLED'', employ quantum dots as ''photo-emissive'' particles; ''electro-emissive'' QD-LED TVs exist in laboratories only.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|title=Next Samsung Electronics' QLED TV's Name to Be SUHD QLED TV\|last=www.etnews.com\|date=2016-10-18\|website=etnews.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-date=25 June 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185257/http://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/how-qled-tv-could-help-samsung-finally-beat-lgs-oleds/\|title=How QLED TV could help Samsung finally beat LG's OLEDs\|date=30 June 2016\|website=cnet.com\|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>		As of June 2025, all commercial products, such as LCD TVs branded as ''QLED'', employ quantum dots as ''photo-emissive'' particles; ''electro-emissive'' QD-LED TVs exist in laboratories only.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|title=Next Samsung Electronics' QLED TV's Name to Be SUHD QLED TV\|last=www.etnews.com\|date=2016-10-18\|website=etnews.com\|access-date=3 April 2018\|archive-date=25 June 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185257/http://english.etnews.com/20161018200003\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/how-qled-tv-could-help-samsung-finally-beat-lgs-oleds/\|title=How QLED TV could help Samsung finally beat LG's OLEDs\|date=30 June 2016\|website=cnet.com\|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>

	LED-backlit LCDs are the main application of photo-emissive quantum dots, though it is applicable to other display technologies that use color filters, such as blue/UV organic light-emitting diode (OLED), MicroLED, or QNED display panels.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/samsung-researching-quantum-dot-on-microled-tvs/\|title=Samsung researching quantum dot on MicroLED TVs\|first=Cho\|last=Mu-Hyun\|website=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/detectors-imaging/article/16566879/quantum-dots-shrink-microled-pixels-by-87\|title=StackPath\|website=www.laserfocusworld.com\|date=8 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.eetimes.com/quantum-dots-to-shrink-microled-display-pixels/\|title=Quantum Dots to Shrink MicroLED Display Pixels\|date=11 January 2019\|website=EETimes}}</ref> QD-OLED displays, which use blue OLED panels with QD color filters, started coming to market in 2023.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/sony-bravia-xr-a95l-qd-oled-tv \| title=Sony Bravia XR A95L QD-OLED TV review \| date=9 November 2023 }}</ref> QD-OLED and QD-LED displays can achieve the same contrast as OLED and MicroLED displays with "perfect" black levels in the off state, unlike LED-backlit LCDs.		LED-backlit LCDs are the main application of photo-emissive quantum dots, though it is applicable to other display technologies that use color filters, such as blue/UV organic light-emitting diode (OLED), MicroLED, or QNED display panels.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/samsung-researching-quantum-dot-on-microled-tvs/\|title=Samsung researching quantum dot on MicroLED TVs\|first=Cho\|last=Mu-Hyun\|website=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/detectors-imaging/article/16566879/quantum-dots-shrink-microled-pixels-by-87\|title=StackPath\|website=www.laserfocusworld.com\|date=8 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.eetimes.com/quantum-dots-to-shrink-microled-display-pixels/\|title=Quantum Dots to Shrink MicroLED Display Pixels\|date=11 January 2019\|website=EETimes}}</ref> QD-OLED displays, which use blue OLED panels with QD color filters, started coming to market in 2023.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/sony-bravia-xr-a95l-qd-oled-tv \| title=Sony Bravia XR A95L QD-OLED TV review \| date=9 November 2023 }}</ref> QD-OLED and QD-LED displays can achieve the same contrast as OLED and MicroLED displays with "perfect" black levels in the off state, unlike LED-backlit LCDs.