Physics:Quantum mechanics/Timeline/Quantum field theory era - Revision history

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	'''Quantum field theory era''' describes the period in which quantum mechanics was extended to fields, particles, and relativistic interactions. Quantum field theory treats particles as excitations of underlying fields and provides the framework for quantum electrodynamics, the electroweak theory, quantum chromodynamics, and the Standard Model.		'''Quantum field theory era''' describes the period in which quantum mechanics was extended to fields, particles, and relativistic interactions. Quantum field theory treats particles as excitations of underlying fields and provides the framework for quantum electrodynamics, the electroweak theory, quantum chromodynamics, and the Standard Model.

	This era connects scattering experiments, Feynman diagrams, renormalization, gauge symmetry, vacuum fluctuations, and particle creation. In the Quantum Collection timeline, it marks the transition from single-particle wave mechanics toward the field-based description used in modern particle physics.		This era connects scattering experiments, Feynman diagrams, renormalization, gauge symmetry, vacuum fluctuations, and particle creation. In the Quantum Collection timeline, it marks the transition from single-particle wave mechanics toward the field-based description used in modern particle physics. It also shows how relativistic quantum theory reshaped the meaning of particles, forces, and the vacuum. The page helps connect formal field concepts to the historical development of modern high-energy physics.
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	'''~~Timeline:~~ Quantum field theory era''' mechanics~~/Timeline/~~Quantum field theory ~~era is a Book I topic in~~ the ~~Quantum Collection. Quantum field theory (QFT) is a~~ framework ~~in theoretical physics that combines field~~ theory, ~~special relativity~~, and ~~quantum mechanics. It forms the foundation of modern particle physics and underlies~~ the Standard Model ~~of particle physics~~. ~~Quantum field theory (QFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that combines field theory~~, ~~special relativity~~, and ~~quantum mechanics~~. ~~It forms~~ the ~~foundation of modern~~ particle ~~physics and underlies~~ the ~~Standard Model of~~ particle physics. Quantum field theory extends quantum mechanics to systems consistent with relativity. Instead of particles alone, physical reality is described in terms of fields, whose excitations correspond to particles. This framework allows the creation and annihilation of particles and successfully describes three of the four fundamental interactions.		'''Quantum field theory era''' describes the period in which quantum mechanics was extended to fields, particles, and relativistic interactions. Quantum field theory treats particles as excitations of underlying fields and provides the framework for quantum electrodynamics, the electroweak theory, quantum chromodynamics, and the Standard Model.

			This era connects scattering experiments, Feynman diagrams, renormalization, gauge symmetry, vacuum fluctuations, and particle creation. In the Quantum Collection timeline, it marks the transition from single-particle wave mechanics toward the field-based description used in modern particle physics.
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	'''mechanics/Timeline/Quantum field theory era~~'''~~ is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. Quantum field theory (QFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that combines field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. It forms the foundation of modern particle physics and underlies the Standard Model of particle physics. Quantum field theory (QFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that combines field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. It forms the foundation of modern particle physics and underlies the Standard Model of particle physics. Quantum field theory extends quantum mechanics to systems consistent with relativity. Instead of particles alone, physical reality is described in terms of fields, whose excitations correspond to particles. This framework allows the creation and annihilation of particles and successfully describes three of the four fundamental interactions.		'''Timeline: Quantum field theory era''' mechanics/Timeline/Quantum field theory era is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. Quantum field theory (QFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that combines field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. It forms the foundation of modern particle physics and underlies the Standard Model of particle physics. Quantum field theory (QFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that combines field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. It forms the foundation of modern particle physics and underlies the Standard Model of particle physics. Quantum field theory extends quantum mechanics to systems consistent with relativity. Instead of particles alone, physical reality is described in terms of fields, whose excitations correspond to particles. This framework allows the creation and annihilation of particles and successfully describes three of the four fundamental interactions.
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	{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}		{{Author\|Harold Foppele}}
	{{Sourceattribution\|Physics:Quantum field theory\|1}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Physics:Quantum mechanics/Timeline/Quantum field theory era\|1}}

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	'''~~[[Physics:~~Quantum field theory ~~(QFT) basics\|~~Quantum field theory~~]]'''~~ (QFT) is a framework in ~~[[Physics:Quantum theoretical physics\|~~theoretical physics]] that combines ~~[[Physics:~~Quantum field theory (QFT) ~~core\|~~field theory]], ~~[[Physics:Quantum special relativity\|~~special relativity]], and ~~[[Physics:Quantum mechanics\|~~quantum mechanics~~]].<ref name="peskin">{{cite book \|last1=Peskin \|first1=M. \|last2=Schroeder \|first2=D~~. ~~\|year=1995 \|title=An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory \|publisher=Westview Press \|isbn=978-0-201-50397-5 }}</ref>{{rp\|xi}}~~ It forms the foundation of modern ~~[[Physics:Quantum particle\|~~particle physics]] and underlies the ~~[[Physics:Quantum Standard Model\|~~Standard Model of particle physics]].		'''mechanics/Timeline/Quantum field theory era''' is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. Quantum field theory (QFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that combines field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. It forms the foundation of modern particle physics and underlies the Standard Model of particle physics. Quantum field theory (QFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that combines field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. It forms the foundation of modern particle physics and underlies the Standard Model of particle physics. Quantum field theory extends quantum mechanics to systems consistent with relativity. Instead of particles alone, physical reality is described in terms of fields, whose excitations correspond to particles. This framework allows the creation and annihilation of particles and successfully describes three of the four fundamental interactions.
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	== Renormalization and QED (1940s–1950s) ==		== Renormalization and QED (1940s–1950s) ==
	A breakthrough came with the development of [[Physics:Quantum Renormalization in field theory\|renormalization]], allowing infinities to be systematically removed. Key contributors included ~~[[Biography:~~Julian Schwinger~~\|Julian Schwinger]]~~, ~~[[Biography:Richard Feynman\|~~Richard Feynman]], and ~~[[Biography:Shinichiro Tomonaga\|~~Shinichiro Tomonaga]].		A breakthrough came with the development of [[Physics:Quantum Renormalization in field theory\|renormalization]], allowing infinities to be systematically removed. Key contributors included Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman, and Shinichiro Tomonaga.

	Feynman introduced [[Physics:Quantum Feynman diagrams\|Feynman diagrams]], providing a visual and computational method for particle interactions. QED became one of the most precise theories in physics.		Feynman introduced [[Physics:Quantum Feynman diagrams\|Feynman diagrams]], providing a visual and computational method for particle interactions. QED became one of the most precise theories in physics.

	== Gauge theories and unification (1950s–1970s) ==		== Gauge theories and unification (1950s–1970s) ==
	The development of [[Physics:Quantum Field Theory Gauge symmetry\|gauge theory]] extended QFT beyond electromagnetism. In 1954, ~~[[Biography:~~Chen-Ning Yang~~\|Chen-Ning Yang]]~~ and ~~[[Biography:Robert Mills (physicist)\|~~Robert Mills]] introduced [[Physics:Quantum Non-Abelian gauge theory\|non-Abelian gauge theories]].		The development of [[Physics:Quantum Field Theory Gauge symmetry\|gauge theory]] extended QFT beyond electromagnetism. In 1954, Chen-Ning Yang and Robert Mills introduced [[Physics:Quantum Non-Abelian gauge theory\|non-Abelian gauge theories]].

	In the 1960s, ~~[[Biography:~~Sheldon Glashow~~\|Sheldon Glashow]]~~, ~~[[Biography:~~Abdus Salam~~\|Abdus Salam]]~~, and ~~[[Biography:~~Steven Weinberg~~\|Steven Weinberg]]~~ developed the [[Physics:Quantum Electroweak theory\|electroweak theory]], unifying electromagnetic and weak interactions. The introduction of ~~[[Physics:Quantum spontaneous symmetry breaking\|~~spontaneous symmetry breaking]] and the [[Physics:Quantum Higgs boson\|Higgs boson]] allowed particles to acquire mass.		In the 1960s, Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg developed the [[Physics:Quantum Electroweak theory\|electroweak theory]], unifying electromagnetic and weak interactions. The introduction of spontaneous symmetry breaking and the [[Physics:Quantum Higgs boson\|Higgs boson]] allowed particles to acquire mass.

	== Quantum chromodynamics and the Standard Model (1970s) ==		== Quantum chromodynamics and the Standard Model (1970s) ==
	The strong interaction was described by [[Physics:Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)\|quantum chromodynamics]] (QCD), a gauge theory based on the symmetry group SU(3). Discoveries such as ~~[[Physics:Quantum~~ asymptotic freedom~~\|asymptotic freedom]]~~ by ~~[[Biography:~~David Gross~~\|David Gross]]~~, ~~[[Biography:~~Frank Wilczek~~\|Frank Wilczek]]~~, and ~~[[Biography:Hugh David Politzer\|~~Hugh David Politzer]] enabled accurate high-energy predictions.		The strong interaction was described by [[Physics:Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)\|quantum chromodynamics]] (QCD), a gauge theory based on the symmetry group SU(3). Discoveries such as asymptotic freedom by David Gross, Frank Wilczek, and Hugh David Politzer enabled accurate high-energy predictions.

	Together, QED, electroweak theory, and QCD form the [[Physics:Quantum Standard Model\|Standard Model of particle physics]], which successfully describes all known fundamental interactions except gravity.		Together, QED, electroweak theory, and QCD form the [[Physics:Quantum Standard Model\|Standard Model of particle physics]], which successfully describes all known fundamental interactions except gravity.
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	== Modern developments ==		== Modern developments ==
	Quantum field theory continues to evolve. It is applied in:		Quantum field theory continues to evolve. It is applied in:
	* ~~[[Physics:Quantum Condensed matter and solid-state physics\|~~condensed matter physics]]		* condensed matter physics
	* [[Physics:Quantum gravity\|quantum gravity]] research		* [[Physics:Quantum gravity\|quantum gravity]] research
	* ~~[[Physics:Quantum~~ string theory~~\|string theory]]~~		* string theory

	Despite its success, challenges remain, including the incorporation of gravity and establishing full mathematical rigor.		Despite its success, challenges remain, including the incorporation of gravity and establishing full mathematical rigor.