Physics:Quantum mechanics/Timeline/Quantum information era - Revision history

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	'''Quantum information era''' describes the modern phase in which information is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum mechanics. Concepts such as qubits, entanglement, quantum measurement, teleportation, quantum algorithms, and error correction became central research topics.		'''Quantum information era''' describes the modern phase in which information is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum mechanics. Concepts such as qubits, entanglement, quantum measurement, teleportation, quantum algorithms, and error correction became central research topics.

	This era connects foundational questions with practical technologies, including quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computing, and quantum networks. In the Quantum Collection timeline, it shows how ideas once used mainly to debate interpretation became tools for building new devices and protocols.		This era connects foundational questions with practical technologies, including quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computing, and quantum networks. In the Quantum Collection timeline, it shows how ideas once used mainly to debate interpretation became tools for building new devices and protocols. It also highlights the shift from interpreting quantum theory to using it as an engineering resource. The page helps connect foundational ideas with algorithms, cryptography, and experimental quantum information science.

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	'''~~Timeline:~~ Quantum information era''' ~~mechanics/Timeline/Quantum information era is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. The quantum information era marks~~ the modern phase ~~of quantum mechanics,~~ in which information ~~itself~~ is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum ~~laws~~. ~~Beginning in the late 20th century~~, ~~this era combines~~ quantum ~~mechanics~~, ~~information theory~~, ~~and computer science to explore how~~ quantum ~~systems can process, store~~, and ~~transmit information~~. ~~The quantum information~~ era ~~marks the modern phase of~~ quantum ~~mechanics~~, ~~in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by~~ quantum ~~laws. Beginning in the late 20th century~~, ~~this era combines~~ quantum ~~mechanics, information theory~~, and ~~computer science to explore how~~ quantum ~~systems can process, store~~, and ~~transmit information. Unlike classical information, which is encoded in bits (0 or 1), quantum information is stored in qubits that can exist in superpositions of states~~.		'''Quantum information era''' describes the modern phase in which information is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum mechanics. Concepts such as qubits, entanglement, quantum measurement, teleportation, quantum algorithms, and error correction became central research topics.

			This era connects foundational questions with practical technologies, including quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computing, and quantum networks. In the Quantum Collection timeline, it shows how ideas once used mainly to debate interpretation became tools for building new devices and protocols.

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	'''mechanics/Timeline/Quantum information era~~'''~~ is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. The quantum information era marks the modern phase of quantum mechanics, in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum laws. Beginning in the late 20th century, this era combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science to explore how quantum systems can process, store, and transmit information. The quantum information era marks the modern phase of quantum mechanics, in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum laws. Beginning in the late 20th century, this era combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science to explore how quantum systems can process, store, and transmit information. Unlike classical information, which is encoded in bits (0 or 1), quantum information is stored in qubits that can exist in superpositions of states.		'''Timeline: Quantum information era''' mechanics/Timeline/Quantum information era is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. The quantum information era marks the modern phase of quantum mechanics, in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum laws. Beginning in the late 20th century, this era combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science to explore how quantum systems can process, store, and transmit information. The quantum information era marks the modern phase of quantum mechanics, in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum laws. Beginning in the late 20th century, this era combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science to explore how quantum systems can process, store, and transmit information. Unlike classical information, which is encoded in bits (0 or 1), quantum information is stored in qubits that can exist in superpositions of states.

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	* New mathematical fields such as quantum complexity theory have emerged		* New mathematical fields such as quantum complexity theory have emerged

	The discovery that quantum computers could break classical encryption systems led to the development of [[post-quantum cryptography]].<ref>{{Citation \|last=Bernstein \|first=Daniel J. \|title=Post-quantum Cryptography \|date=2025}}</ref>		The discovery that quantum computers could break classical encryption systems led to the development of post-quantum cryptography.<ref>{{Citation \|last=Bernstein \|first=Daniel J. \|title=Post-quantum Cryptography \|date=2025}}</ref>

	=See also=		=See also=

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	~~The~~ '''~~quantum~~ information era''' marks the modern phase of ~~[[Physics:Quantum mechanics\|~~quantum mechanics]], in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum laws. Beginning in the late 20th century, this era combines ~~[[Physics:Quantum~~ mechanics\|quantum mechanics]], ~~[[Physics:Quantum~~ information ~~theory\|~~information theory]], and ~~[[Computer science\|~~computer science]] to explore how quantum systems can process, store, and transmit information.~~<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Watrous \|first=John \|title=The Theory~~ of ~~Quantum Information \|date=2018 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>~~		'''mechanics/Timeline/Quantum information era''' is a Book I topic in the Quantum Collection. The quantum information era marks the modern phase of quantum mechanics, in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum laws. Beginning in the late 20th century, this era combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science to explore how quantum systems can process, store, and transmit information. The quantum information era marks the modern phase of quantum mechanics, in which information itself is treated as a physical quantity governed by quantum laws. Beginning in the late 20th century, this era combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science to explore how quantum systems can process, store, and transmit information. Unlike classical information, which is encoded in bits (0 or 1), quantum information is stored in qubits that can exist in superpositions of states.

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	The quantum information era emerged from several key breakthroughs:		The quantum information era emerged from several key breakthroughs:

	* '''1980s''' – ~~[[Biography:~~Richard Feynman~~\|Richard Feynman]]~~ and ~~[[Biography:David Deutsch\|~~David Deutsch]] propose quantum computation as a physical model		* '''1980s''' – Richard Feynman and David Deutsch propose quantum computation as a physical model
	* '''1994''' – ~~[[Biography:~~Peter Shor~~\|Peter Shor]]~~ introduces a quantum algorithm for factoring integers, threatening classical cryptography<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Shor \|first=Peter W. \|title=Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer \|journal=SIAM Review}}</ref>		* '''1994''' – Peter Shor introduces a quantum algorithm for factoring integers, threatening classical cryptography<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Shor \|first=Peter W. \|title=Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer \|journal=SIAM Review}}</ref>
	* '''1996''' – ~~[[Biography:Lov Grover\|~~Lov Grover]] develops a quantum search algorithm		* '''1996''' – Lov Grover develops a quantum search algorithm
	* '''2000s''' – Experimental advances in ~~[[Physics:Quantum teleportation\|~~quantum teleportation]] and quantum communication		* '''2000s''' – Experimental advances in quantum teleportation and quantum communication
	* '''2010s–present''' – Development of scalable quantum processors by companies such as [[IBM]] and [[Google]]		* '''2010s–present''' – Development of scalable quantum processors by companies such as IBM and Google

	These developments established quantum information science as a central field of modern physics.		These developments established quantum information science as a central field of modern physics.
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	* [[Physics:Quantum Computing Algorithms in the NISQ Era\|quantum computing]] – computation using [[Physics:Quantum Superposition principle\|quantum superposition]] and entanglement		* [[Physics:Quantum Computing Algorithms in the NISQ Era\|quantum computing]] – computation using [[Physics:Quantum Superposition principle\|quantum superposition]] and entanglement
	* ~~[[Physics:Quantum cryptography\|~~quantum cryptography]] – secure communication based on quantum principles		* quantum cryptography – secure communication based on quantum principles
	* ~~[[Physics:Quantum teleportation\|~~quantum teleportation]] – transfer of quantum states using entanglement		* quantum teleportation – transfer of quantum states using entanglement
	* ~~[[Physics:Quantum error correction\|~~quantum error correction]] – protecting fragile quantum information		* quantum error correction – protecting fragile quantum information

	Modern quantum computers can now exceed 100 [[Physics:Quantum Qubit\|qubits]], though challenges such as [[Physics:Quantum Decoherence\|quantum decoherence]] and error rates remain significant.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Schlosshauer \|first=Maximilian \|title=Quantum decoherence \|journal=Physics Reports \|date=2019}}</ref>		Modern quantum computers can now exceed 100 [[Physics:Quantum Qubit\|qubits]], though challenges such as [[Physics:Quantum Decoherence\|quantum decoherence]] and error rates remain significant.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Schlosshauer \|first=Maximilian \|title=Quantum decoherence \|journal=Physics Reports \|date=2019}}</ref>