Physics:Quantum phi bond - Revision history

WikiHarold: Fix final Quantum red link source

2026-05-24T00:07:41Z

Fix final Quantum red link source

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:07, 24 May 2026
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	<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">		<div style="flex:1; line-height:1.45; color:#006b45; column-count:2; column-gap:32px; column-rule:1px solid #b8d8c8;">
	~~{{distinguish\|Pi bond}}~~
	{{multiple image		{{multiple image
	\| footer = Suitably-aligned f atomic orbitals can overlap to form a φ molecular orbital (a φ bond)		\| footer = Suitably-aligned f atomic orbitals can overlap to form a φ molecular orbital (a φ bond)

WikiHarold: Remove imported red links from Quantum page

2026-05-23T23:48:20Z

Remove imported red links from Quantum page

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:48, 23 May 2026
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	== References ==		== References ==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	~~{{Chemical bonding theory}}~~

	~~[[Category:Chemical bonding]]~~

	{{Sourceattribution\|Phi bond}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Phi bond}}

WikiHarold: Clean Quantum page image and red links

2026-05-23T23:35:30Z

Clean Quantum page image and red links

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:35, 23 May 2026
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	\| caption = Suitably-aligned f atomic orbitals can overlap to form a φ molecular orbital (a φ bond)		\| caption = Suitably-aligned f atomic orbitals can overlap to form a φ molecular orbital (a φ bond)
	}}		}}
	In ~~[[HandWiki:Chemistry\|~~chemistry]], '''phi bonds''' ('''φ bonds''') are usually ~~[[Chemistry:Covalent bond\|~~covalent~~]] [[Chemistry:Chemical bond\|~~chemical ~~bond]]s~~, where six lobes of one involved ~~[[Physics:Atomic orbital\|~~atomic orbital~~]] [[Orbital overlap\|~~overlap]] six lobes of the other involved atomic orbital. This overlap leads to the formation of a bonding ~~[[Chemistry:Molecular orbital\|~~molecular orbital]] with three nodal planes which contain the internuclear axis and go through both atoms.		In chemistry, '''phi bonds''' ('''φ bonds''') are usually covalent chemical bonds, where six lobes of one involved atomic orbital overlap six lobes of the other involved atomic orbital. This overlap leads to the formation of a bonding molecular orbital with three nodal planes which contain the internuclear axis and go through both atoms.

	The Greek letter φ in their name refers to f orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the φ bond is the same as that of the usual (6-lobed) type of f orbital when seen down the bond axis.		The Greek letter φ in their name refers to f orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the φ bond is the same as that of the usual (6-lobed) type of f orbital when seen down the bond axis.

	There was one possible candidate reported in 2005 of a molecule with phi bonding: a U−U bond in the molecule diuranium (U<sub>2</sub>).<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Gagliardi\|first1=Laura\|last2=Roos\|first2=Björn O.\|title=Quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U<sub>2</sub> has a quintuple bond\|journal=Nature\|year=2005\|volume=433\|issue=7028\|pages=848–851\|doi=10.1038/nature03249\|url=http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:3652\|bibcode = 2005Natur.433..848G\|pmid=15729337\|s2cid=421380}}</ref> However, later studies that accounted for ~~[[Physics:Spin–orbit interaction\|~~spin–orbit ~~interaction]]s~~ found that the bonding was only of ~~[[Chemistry:Quadruple bond\|~~fourth order]].<ref name = Manz2017>{{cite journal \| doi = 10.1039/c7ra07400j \| journal = RSC Adv. \| title = Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 3. Comprehensive method to compute bond orders \| author1 = T. A. Manz \| year = 2017 \| volume = 7 \| issue = 72 \| pages = 45552–45581\| bibcode = 2017RSCAd...745552M \|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://chab.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/d-chab-news/2018/10/u2-the-diuran-molecule-has-a-quadruple-bond.html\|title=The diuranium molecule has a quadruple bond\|website=chab.ethz.ch\|date=28 October 2018 \|language=en\|access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last1=Knecht\|first1=Stefan\|last2=Jensen\|first2=Hans Jørgen Aa\|last3=Saue\|first3=Trond\|date=January 2019\|title=Relativistic quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U<sub>2</sub> has a quadruple bond\|journal=Nature Chemistry\|language=en\|volume=11\|issue=1\|pages=40–44\|doi=10.1038/s41557-018-0158-9\|pmid=30374039\|bibcode=2019NatCh..11...40K \|s2cid=53112083\|issn=1755-4349}}</ref> Experimental evidence for phi bonding between a ~~[[Chemistry:Thorium\|~~thorium]] atom and ~~[[Chemistry:Cyclooctatetraene\|~~cyclooctatetraene]] in ~~[[Chemistry:Thorocene\|~~thorocene]] has been supported by computational analysis, though this mixed-orbital bond has strong ionic character and is not a traditional phi bond.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Minasian \|first1=Stefan G. \|last2=Keith \|first2=Jason M. \|last3=Batista \|first3=Enrique R. \|last4=Boland \|first4=Kevin S. \|last5=Clark \|first5=David L. \|last6=Kozimor \|first6=Stosh A. \|last7=Martin \|first7=Richard L. \|last8=Shuh \|first8=David K. \|last9=Tyliszczak \|first9=Tolek \|date=2014 \|title=New evidence for 5f covalency in actinocenes determined from carbon K-edge XAS and electronic structure theory \|journal=Chem. Sci. \|language=en \|volume=5 \|issue=1 \|pages=351–359 \|doi=10.1039/C3SC52030G \|issn=2041-6520}}</ref>		There was one possible candidate reported in 2005 of a molecule with phi bonding: a U−U bond in the molecule diuranium (U<sub>2</sub>).<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Gagliardi\|first1=Laura\|last2=Roos\|first2=Björn O.\|title=Quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U<sub>2</sub> has a quintuple bond\|journal=Nature\|year=2005\|volume=433\|issue=7028\|pages=848–851\|doi=10.1038/nature03249\|url=http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:3652\|bibcode = 2005Natur.433..848G\|pmid=15729337\|s2cid=421380}}</ref> However, later studies that accounted for spin–orbit interactions found that the bonding was only of fourth order.<ref name = Manz2017>{{cite journal \| doi = 10.1039/c7ra07400j \| journal = RSC Adv. \| title = Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 3. Comprehensive method to compute bond orders \| author1 = T. A. Manz \| year = 2017 \| volume = 7 \| issue = 72 \| pages = 45552–45581\| bibcode = 2017RSCAd...745552M \|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://chab.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/d-chab-news/2018/10/u2-the-diuran-molecule-has-a-quadruple-bond.html\|title=The diuranium molecule has a quadruple bond\|website=chab.ethz.ch\|date=28 October 2018 \|language=en\|access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last1=Knecht\|first1=Stefan\|last2=Jensen\|first2=Hans Jørgen Aa\|last3=Saue\|first3=Trond\|date=January 2019\|title=Relativistic quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U<sub>2</sub> has a quadruple bond\|journal=Nature Chemistry\|language=en\|volume=11\|issue=1\|pages=40–44\|doi=10.1038/s41557-018-0158-9\|pmid=30374039\|bibcode=2019NatCh..11...40K \|s2cid=53112083\|issn=1755-4349}}</ref> Experimental evidence for phi bonding between a thorium atom and cyclooctatetraene in thorocene has been supported by computational analysis, though this mixed-orbital bond has strong ionic character and is not a traditional phi bond.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Minasian \|first1=Stefan G. \|last2=Keith \|first2=Jason M. \|last3=Batista \|first3=Enrique R. \|last4=Boland \|first4=Kevin S. \|last5=Clark \|first5=David L. \|last6=Kozimor \|first6=Stosh A. \|last7=Martin \|first7=Richard L. \|last8=Shuh \|first8=David K. \|last9=Tyliszczak \|first9=Tolek \|date=2014 \|title=New evidence for 5f covalency in actinocenes determined from carbon K-edge XAS and electronic structure theory \|journal=Chem. Sci. \|language=en \|volume=5 \|issue=1 \|pages=351–359 \|doi=10.1039/C3SC52030G \|issn=2041-6520}}</ref>
	</div>		</div>

	<div style="width:300px;">		<div style="width:300px;">
	[[File:~~File not found~~.~~png~~\|thumb\|280px\|~~No image available~~.]]		[[File:Quantum_phi_bond_concept_map.svg\|thumb\|280px\|phi bond in the Quantum Collection.]]
	</div>		</div>

Harold: Add missing image fallback to Quantum header

2026-05-17T22:33:33Z

Add missing image fallback to Quantum header

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:33, 17 May 2026
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	<div style="width:300px;">		<div style="width:300px;">
	~~<!--~~ No ~~lead~~ image available ~~in existing page~~. ~~-->~~		[[File:File not found.png\|thumb\|280px\|No image available.]]
	</div>		</div>

Harold: Restore Quantum article header template

2026-05-17T21:53:20Z

Restore Quantum article header template

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Type of chemical bond}}
 {{distinguish|Pi bond}}
 {{multiple image
@@ Line 12: / Line 22: @@
 The Greek letter φ in their name refers to f orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the φ bond is the same as that of the usual (6-lobed) type of f orbital when seen down the bond axis.
 There was one possible candidate reported in 2005 of a molecule with phi bonding: a U−U bond in the molecule diuranium (U<sub>2</sub>).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gagliardi|first1=Laura|last2=Roos|first2=Björn O.|title=Quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U<sub>2</sub> has a quintuple bond|journal=Nature|year=2005|volume=433|issue=7028|pages=848–851|doi=10.1038/nature03249|url=http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:3652|bibcode = 2005Natur.433..848G|pmid=15729337|s2cid=421380}}</ref> However, later studies that accounted for [[Physics:Spin–orbit interaction|spin–orbit interaction]]s found that the bonding was only of [[Chemistry:Quadruple bond|fourth order]].<ref name = Manz2017>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1039/c7ra07400j | journal = RSC Adv. | title = Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 3. Comprehensive method to compute bond orders | author1 = T. A. Manz | year = 2017 | volume = 7 | issue = 72 | pages = 45552–45581| bibcode = 2017RSCAd...745552M |doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chab.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/d-chab-news/2018/10/u2-the-diuran-molecule-has-a-quadruple-bond.html|title=The diuranium molecule has a quadruple bond|website=chab.ethz.ch|date=28 October 2018 |language=en|access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Knecht|first1=Stefan|last2=Jensen|first2=Hans Jørgen Aa|last3=Saue|first3=Trond|date=January 2019|title=Relativistic quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U<sub>2</sub> has a quadruple bond|journal=Nature Chemistry|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=40–44|doi=10.1038/s41557-018-0158-9|pmid=30374039|bibcode=2019NatCh..11...40K |s2cid=53112083|issn=1755-4349}}</ref> Experimental evidence for phi bonding between a [[Chemistry:Thorium|thorium]] atom and [[Chemistry:Cyclooctatetraene|cyclooctatetraene]] in [[Chemistry:Thorocene|thorocene]] has been supported by computational analysis, though this mixed-orbital bond has strong ionic character and is not a traditional phi bond.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Minasian |first1=Stefan G. |last2=Keith |first2=Jason M. |last3=Batista |first3=Enrique R. |last4=Boland |first4=Kevin S. |last5=Clark |first5=David L. |last6=Kozimor |first6=Stosh A. |last7=Martin |first7=Richard L. |last8=Shuh |first8=David K. |last9=Tyliszczak |first9=Tolek |date=2014 |title=New evidence for 5f covalency in actinocenes determined from carbon K-edge XAS and electronic structure theory |journal=Chem. Sci. |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=351–359 |doi=10.1039/C3SC52030G |issn=2041-6520}}</ref>
 == References ==

imported>WikiHarold: WikiHarold moved page Chemistry:Phi bond to Physics:Quantum phi bond without leaving a redirect

2026-05-04T17:13:49Z

WikiHarold moved page Chemistry:Phi bond to Physics:Quantum phi bond without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 17:13, 4 May 2026
(No difference)

imported>WikiHarold: WikiHarold moved page Chemistry:Phi bond to Physics:Quantum phi bond without leaving a redirect

2026-05-04T17:13:49Z

WikiHarold moved page Chemistry:Phi bond to Physics:Quantum phi bond without leaving a redirect

New page

{{Short description|Type of chemical bond}}
{{distinguish|Pi bond}}
{{multiple image
| footer = Suitably-aligned f atomic orbitals can overlap to form a φ molecular orbital (a φ bond)
| width = 120
| image1 = Phi-bond-f-orbitals-2D.png
| image2 = Phi-bond-boundary-surface-diagram-2D.png
| caption = Suitably-aligned f atomic orbitals can overlap to form a φ molecular orbital (a φ bond)
}}
In [[HandWiki:Chemistry|chemistry]], '''phi bonds''' ('''φ bonds''') are usually [[Chemistry:Covalent bond|covalent]] [[Chemistry:Chemical bond|chemical bond]]s, where six lobes of one involved [[Physics:Atomic orbital|atomic orbital]] [[Orbital overlap|overlap]] six lobes of the other involved atomic orbital. This overlap leads to the formation of a bonding [[Chemistry:Molecular orbital|molecular orbital]] with three nodal planes which contain the internuclear axis and go through both atoms.

The Greek letter φ in their name refers to f orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the φ bond is the same as that of the usual (6-lobed) type of f orbital when seen down the bond axis.

There was one possible candidate reported in 2005 of a molecule with phi bonding: a U−U bond in the molecule diuranium (U2).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gagliardi|first1=Laura|last2=Roos|first2=Björn O.|title=Quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U2 has a quintuple bond|journal=Nature|year=2005|volume=433|issue=7028|pages=848–851|doi=10.1038/nature03249|url=http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:3652|bibcode = 2005Natur.433..848G|pmid=15729337|s2cid=421380}}</ref> However, later studies that accounted for [[Physics:Spin–orbit interaction|spin–orbit interaction]]s found that the bonding was only of [[Chemistry:Quadruple bond|fourth order]].<ref name = Manz2017>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1039/c7ra07400j | journal = RSC Adv. | title = Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 3. Comprehensive method to compute bond orders | author1 = T. A. Manz | year = 2017 | volume = 7 | issue = 72 | pages = 45552–45581| bibcode = 2017RSCAd...745552M |doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chab.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/d-chab-news/2018/10/u2-the-diuran-molecule-has-a-quadruple-bond.html|title=The diuranium molecule has a quadruple bond|website=chab.ethz.ch|date=28 October 2018 |language=en|access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Knecht|first1=Stefan|last2=Jensen|first2=Hans Jørgen Aa|last3=Saue|first3=Trond|date=January 2019|title=Relativistic quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U2 has a quadruple bond|journal=Nature Chemistry|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=40–44|doi=10.1038/s41557-018-0158-9|pmid=30374039|bibcode=2019NatCh..11...40K |s2cid=53112083|issn=1755-4349}}</ref> Experimental evidence for phi bonding between a [[Chemistry:Thorium|thorium]] atom and [[Chemistry:Cyclooctatetraene|cyclooctatetraene]] in [[Chemistry:Thorocene|thorocene]] has been supported by computational analysis, though this mixed-orbital bond has strong ionic character and is not a traditional phi bond.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Minasian |first1=Stefan G. |last2=Keith |first2=Jason M. |last3=Batista |first3=Enrique R. |last4=Boland |first4=Kevin S. |last5=Clark |first5=David L. |last6=Kozimor |first6=Stosh A. |last7=Martin |first7=Richard L. |last8=Shuh |first8=David K. |last9=Tyliszczak |first9=Tolek |date=2014 |title=New evidence for 5f covalency in actinocenes determined from carbon K-edge XAS and electronic structure theory |journal=Chem. Sci. |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=351–359 |doi=10.1039/C3SC52030G |issn=2041-6520}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Chemical bonding theory}}

[[Category:Chemical bonding]]

{{Sourceattribution|Phi bond}}