Physics:Quantum data analysis/Single and Two Particle Densities: Difference between revisions
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'''Single- and two-particle densities''' describe how often particles appear in regions of momentum, angle, rapidity, or other phase-space variables. A single-particle density gives the average population of one-particle states, while a two-particle density keeps information about pairs. Together they form the basis for correlation measurements and many studies of particle production.<ref name="pdg2024">{{cite journal |collaboration=Particle Data Group |title=Review of Particle Physics |journal=Physical Review D |volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=030001 |year=2024 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001}}</ref> | |||
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[[File:Quantum_data_analysis_single_and_two_particle_densities_yellow.png|thumb|280px|Single and | [[File:Quantum_data_analysis_single_and_two_particle_densities_yellow.png|thumb|280px|Single- and two-particle densities represented as event-density maps.]] | ||
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== Single-particle density == | |||
A single-particle density measures the yield per event or per collision as a function of variables such as transverse momentum, rapidity, or azimuth. It is often corrected for efficiency, acceptance, and background.<ref name="pdg2024">{{cite journal |collaboration=Particle Data Group |title=Review of Particle Physics |journal=Physical Review D |volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=030001 |year=2024 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001}}</ref> | |||
== Two-particle density == | |||
A two-particle density counts pairs and therefore includes correlations from decays, jets, conservation laws, collective behavior, and quantum-statistical effects. Reference samples are needed to isolate nontrivial correlations.<ref name="cowan">{{cite book |last=Cowan |first=Glen |title=Statistical Data Analysis |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-850156-5}}</ref> | |||
== Analysis role == | |||
These densities are building blocks for multiplicity distributions, balance functions, femtoscopy, flow analysis, and jet-correlation studies. Their definitions must specify charge, particle species, event class, and normalization.<ref name="lyons">{{cite book |last=Lyons |first=Louis |title=Statistics for Nuclear and Particle Physicists |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-521-37934-2}}</ref> | |||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
Revision as of 20:57, 19 May 2026
Single- and two-particle densities describe how often particles appear in regions of momentum, angle, rapidity, or other phase-space variables. A single-particle density gives the average population of one-particle states, while a two-particle density keeps information about pairs. Together they form the basis for correlation measurements and many studies of particle production.[1]
Single-particle density
A single-particle density measures the yield per event or per collision as a function of variables such as transverse momentum, rapidity, or azimuth. It is often corrected for efficiency, acceptance, and background.[1]
Two-particle density
A two-particle density counts pairs and therefore includes correlations from decays, jets, conservation laws, collective behavior, and quantum-statistical effects. Reference samples are needed to isolate nontrivial correlations.[2]
Analysis role
These densities are building blocks for multiplicity distributions, balance functions, femtoscopy, flow analysis, and jet-correlation studies. Their definitions must specify charge, particle species, event class, and normalization.[3]
See also
Table of contents (60 articles)
Index
Foundations and experiments
Analysis, measurements and discovery
Full contents
1. Introduction to Particle Physics (5) Back to index
2. Nuts and Bolts (4) Back to index
3. Overview of Particle Collision Experiments (3) Back to index
4. Collision Kinematics and Complex Observables (8) Back to index
5. Basic Measurements (4) Back to index
6. Data Acquisition Electronics and Systems (1) Back to index
7. Event Reconstruction (3) Back to index
8. Monte Carlo Simulations (4) Back to index
9. General Statistical Methods and Data Visualisation (6) Back to index
10. Standard Model Measurements (6) Back to index
11. Searches for New Physics (4) Back to index
12. Data Processing Techniques (4) Back to index
13. Fit Optimisation Techniques (4) Back to index
14. Advanced Data Comprehension Techniques (3) Back to index
15. Machine Learning (1) Back to index
60. Machine Learning
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Review of Particle Physics". Physical Review D 110 (3): 030001. 2024. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001.
- ↑ Cowan, Glen (1998). Statistical Data Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850156-5.
- ↑ Lyons, Louis (1986). Statistics for Nuclear and Particle Physicists. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37934-2.
Author: Sergei V. Chekanov
Author: Claude Pruneau
Author: Harold Foppele
Source attribution: Physics:Quantum data analysis/Single and Two Particle Densities
