Physics:Quantum atoms/valence electron: Difference between revisions

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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|3}}
{{reflist|3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Petrucci |first=Ralph H. |last2=Harwood |first2=William S. |last3=Herring |first3=F. Geoffrey |title=General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications |edition=8th |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2002 |page=339 |isbn=978-0-13-014329-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Miessler |first=Gary L. |last2=Tarr |first2=Donald A. |title=Inorganic Chemistry |edition=2nd |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1999 |page=48}}
* {{Cite book |last=Keeler |first=James |last2=Wothers |first2=Peter |title=Chemical Structure and Reactivity |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |pages=257-260 |isbn=978-0-19-9604135}}
* {{Cite book |last=Greenwood |first=Norman N. |last2=Earnshaw |first2=Alan |title=Chemistry of the Elements |edition=2nd |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=1997 |page=117 |doi=10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6 |isbn=978-0-08-037941-8}}


{{Author|Harold Foppele}}
{{Author|Harold Foppele}}

Revision as of 22:03, 23 May 2026

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A valence electron is an outer electron that can participate in bonding, conduction, or optical transitions. Its quantum state strongly influences the chemical and material behavior of atoms.

See also

Table of contents (84 articles)

Index

Full contents

References

  • Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7. 
  • Miessler, Gary L.; Tarr, Donald A. (1999). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 48. 
  • Keeler, James; Wothers, Peter (2014). Chemical Structure and Reactivity (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 257-260. ISBN 978-0-19-9604135. 
  • Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 117. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. 


Author: Harold Foppele


Source attribution: Physics:Quantum atoms/valence electron

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