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A '''valence electron''' is an outer electron that can participate in bonding, conduction, or optical transitions. Its quantum state strongly influences the chemical and material behavior of atoms.
A '''valence electron''' is an outer electron that can participate in bonding, conduction, or optical transitions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Petrucci |first=Ralph H. |last2=Harwood |first2=William S. |last3=Herring |first3=F. Geoffrey |title=General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications |edition=8th |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2002 |page=339 |isbn=978-0-13-014329-7}}</ref> Its quantum state strongly influences the chemical and material behavior of atoms.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keeler |first=James |last2=Wothers |first2=Peter |title=Chemical Structure and Reactivity |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |pages=257-260 |isbn=978-0-19-9604135}}</ref>
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|3}}
{{reflist|3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Petrucci |first=Ralph H. |last2=Harwood |first2=William S. |last3=Herring |first3=F. Geoffrey |title=General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications |edition=8th |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2002 |page=339 |isbn=978-0-13-014329-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Miessler |first=Gary L. |last2=Tarr |first2=Donald A. |title=Inorganic Chemistry |edition=2nd |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1999 |page=48}}
* {{Cite book |last=Keeler |first=James |last2=Wothers |first2=Peter |title=Chemical Structure and Reactivity |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |pages=257-260 |isbn=978-0-19-9604135}}
* {{Cite book |last=Greenwood |first=Norman N. |last2=Earnshaw |first2=Alan |title=Chemistry of the Elements |edition=2nd |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=1997 |page=117 |doi=10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6 |isbn=978-0-08-037941-8}}


{{Author|Harold Foppele}}
{{Author|Harold Foppele}}

Revision as of 22:15, 23 May 2026

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A valence electron is an outer electron that can participate in bonding, conduction, or optical transitions.[1] Its quantum state strongly influences the chemical and material behavior of atoms.[2]

See also

Table of contents (84 articles)

Index

Full contents

References

  1. ↑ Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7. 
  2. ↑ Keeler, James; Wothers, Peter (2014). Chemical Structure and Reactivity (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 257-260. ISBN 978-0-19-9604135. 


Author: Harold Foppele


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