Physics:Quantum atoms/valence electron
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A valence electron is an outer electron that can participate in bonding, conduction, or optical transitions. Its quantum state strongly influences the chemical and material behavior of atoms.
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References
- Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7.
- Miessler, Gary L.; Tarr, Donald A. (1999). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 48.
- Keeler, James; Wothers, Peter (2014). Chemical Structure and Reactivity (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 257-260. ISBN 978-0-19-9604135.
- Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 117. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Author: Harold Foppele
Source attribution: Physics:Quantum atoms/valence electron
- "Valence electron". https://www.britannica.com/science/valence-electron.
- Atkins, Peter; de Paula, Julio (2014). Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-969740-3.
